tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Sci Rep
. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31099.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82411-w. Impact of COVID-19 on heart rate variability in post-COVID individuals compared to a control group
Aldair Darlan Santos-de-Araújo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daniela Bassi-Dibai[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Renan Shida Marinho[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Izadora Moraes Dourado[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lucivalda Viegas de Almeida[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sigrid de Sousa Dos Santos[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Shane A Phillips[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Audrey Borghi-Silva[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
This study investigated the impact of mild COVID-19 on HRV in groups stratified by time after infection and to compare to a healthy group of the same age without previous virus infection and without need of hospitalization. This is a cross-sectional study. We divided the sample into four groups: control group (CG) (n = 31), group 1 (G1): ≤6 weeks (n = 34), group 2 (G2): 2-6 months (n = 30), group 3 (G3): 7-12 months (n = 35) after infection. For HRV analysis, we used the indices of linear (time and frequency domain) and non-linear analysis. For comparisons between groups, ANOVA one way test or Kruskal-Wallis was used according to the data distribution. The effect size was calculated based on Cohen's d or η[SUP]2[/SUP]. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to investigate the interaction between clinical outcomes and HRV parameters. A total of 130 individuals were included. Groups G1 and G2 showed less parasympathetic modulation when compared to CG (p < 0.05), while G3 showed an increase in parasympathetic modulation when compared to G1 (p < 0.05). Moderate to large effect sizes were found according to Cohen d or η[SUP]2[/SUP]. The multiple linear regression models identified age and infection duration as significant predictors for RMSSD (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.227) and SD1 (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.242), while age was significant for SDNN (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.213). BMI, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were non-significant in all models. For HF (n.u.), infection duration was consistently significant, with stress emerging as a predictor in Model 2 (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.143). The recovery time since diagnosis and age influences recovery from HRV, suggesting a transient effect of the disease on the autonomic nervous system.
Keywords: Autonomic nervous system; COVID-19; Heart rate variability.
. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31099.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82411-w. Impact of COVID-19 on heart rate variability in post-COVID individuals compared to a control group
Aldair Darlan Santos-de-Araújo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daniela Bassi-Dibai[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Renan Shida Marinho[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Izadora Moraes Dourado[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lucivalda Viegas de Almeida[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sigrid de Sousa Dos Santos[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Shane A Phillips[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Audrey Borghi-Silva[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39732768
- PMCID: PMC11682399
- DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82411-w
This study investigated the impact of mild COVID-19 on HRV in groups stratified by time after infection and to compare to a healthy group of the same age without previous virus infection and without need of hospitalization. This is a cross-sectional study. We divided the sample into four groups: control group (CG) (n = 31), group 1 (G1): ≤6 weeks (n = 34), group 2 (G2): 2-6 months (n = 30), group 3 (G3): 7-12 months (n = 35) after infection. For HRV analysis, we used the indices of linear (time and frequency domain) and non-linear analysis. For comparisons between groups, ANOVA one way test or Kruskal-Wallis was used according to the data distribution. The effect size was calculated based on Cohen's d or η[SUP]2[/SUP]. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to investigate the interaction between clinical outcomes and HRV parameters. A total of 130 individuals were included. Groups G1 and G2 showed less parasympathetic modulation when compared to CG (p < 0.05), while G3 showed an increase in parasympathetic modulation when compared to G1 (p < 0.05). Moderate to large effect sizes were found according to Cohen d or η[SUP]2[/SUP]. The multiple linear regression models identified age and infection duration as significant predictors for RMSSD (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.227) and SD1 (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.242), while age was significant for SDNN (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.213). BMI, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were non-significant in all models. For HF (n.u.), infection duration was consistently significant, with stress emerging as a predictor in Model 2 (adjusted R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 0.143). The recovery time since diagnosis and age influences recovery from HRV, suggesting a transient effect of the disease on the autonomic nervous system.
Keywords: Autonomic nervous system; COVID-19; Heart rate variability.