tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Scand J Immunol
. 2020 Oct 28;e12989.
doi: 10.1111/sji.12989. Online ahead of print.
T-cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID-19
Xiao-Hua Luo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yan Zhu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jian Mao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rui-Chan Du[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents as a newly recognized pneumonia and could rapidly progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome which has brought about a global pandemic. Until now, no curative therapy has been strongly recommended for COVID-19 except for personalized supportive care. T cells and virus-specific T cells are essential to protect against virus infection, including COVID-19. Delayed immune reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) remain serious obstacles for the cure of COVID-19. Most COVID-19 patients, especially among elderly patients, had marked lymphopenia and increased neutrophils, but T cell counts in severe COVID-19 patients surviving the disease gradually restored later. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, and IL-17, and exhausted T cells are found in peripheral blood and the lungs. It suggests that Thymosin α1 and adoptive COVID-19-specific T cells could improve IR while convalescent plasma, IL-6 blockade, mesenchymal stem cells, and corticosteroids could suppress CS. More clinical studies in this field worldwide are urgently warranted to pave the way for therapy of COVID-19 in the future.
Keywords: COVID-19; T cell; coronavirus disease 2019; cytokine storm; immune reconstitution.
. 2020 Oct 28;e12989.
doi: 10.1111/sji.12989. Online ahead of print.
T-cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID-19
Xiao-Hua Luo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yan Zhu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jian Mao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rui-Chan Du[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33113222
- DOI: 10.1111/sji.12989
Abstract
2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents as a newly recognized pneumonia and could rapidly progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome which has brought about a global pandemic. Until now, no curative therapy has been strongly recommended for COVID-19 except for personalized supportive care. T cells and virus-specific T cells are essential to protect against virus infection, including COVID-19. Delayed immune reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) remain serious obstacles for the cure of COVID-19. Most COVID-19 patients, especially among elderly patients, had marked lymphopenia and increased neutrophils, but T cell counts in severe COVID-19 patients surviving the disease gradually restored later. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, and IL-17, and exhausted T cells are found in peripheral blood and the lungs. It suggests that Thymosin α1 and adoptive COVID-19-specific T cells could improve IR while convalescent plasma, IL-6 blockade, mesenchymal stem cells, and corticosteroids could suppress CS. More clinical studies in this field worldwide are urgently warranted to pave the way for therapy of COVID-19 in the future.
Keywords: COVID-19; T cell; coronavirus disease 2019; cytokine storm; immune reconstitution.