tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
Volume 29, Supplement 2, 22 July 2011, Pages B33-B37
Historical Influenza Pandemics
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.046 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Permissions & Reprints
Regional patterns of mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic in Newfoundland
Lisa SattenspielCorresponding Author Contact Information, a, E-mail The Corresponding Author
a Department of Anthropology, 107 Swallow Hall, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Received 27 October 2010;
revised 13 January 2011;
accepted 15 February 2011.
Available online 12 July 2011.
Abstract
The Spanish Influenza pandemic reached the island of Newfoundland in the summer of 1918 and by the time it disappeared, nearly 2000 of its 250,000 residents died. The pandemic spread in several waves, including a mild outbreak during the summer of 1918 (Wave I), a major, deadly outbreak in the succeeding fall and spring (Wave II), and a small echo wave in 1920. All parts of the island experienced the epidemic, but the effects varied across districts, both in timing and in severity. Overall P&I mortality rates across districts during the entire epidemic (1918?1920) ranged from 28.6 to 109.3 deaths per 10,000 population, with the island as a whole experiencing a mortality rate of 74.5 per 10,000. This island-wide mortality rate was 4.5 times higher than the P&I mortality rate for the 3 years immediately preceding the epidemic. Estimates of the reproduction number, R, range from 1.2 to 2.4 for Wave I and from 2.4 to 9.3 for Wave II. The pandemic experience on Newfoundland illustrates the high degree of regional variability in incidence and severity that epidemics can exhibit. In addition, compared to other world regions, the island's pandemic peaked relatively late and exhibited an unusual bimodal peak during Wave II, emphasizing that local and regional conditions can have major influences on timing, location, and rate of spread. This suggests the need to for greater understanding of how local factors influence epidemic spread so that more effective control strategies can be developed for populations experiencing future influenza pandemics.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X11002817
Volume 29, Supplement 2, 22 July 2011, Pages B33-B37
Historical Influenza Pandemics
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.046 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Permissions & Reprints
Regional patterns of mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic in Newfoundland
Lisa SattenspielCorresponding Author Contact Information, a, E-mail The Corresponding Author
a Department of Anthropology, 107 Swallow Hall, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Received 27 October 2010;
revised 13 January 2011;
accepted 15 February 2011.
Available online 12 July 2011.
Abstract
The Spanish Influenza pandemic reached the island of Newfoundland in the summer of 1918 and by the time it disappeared, nearly 2000 of its 250,000 residents died. The pandemic spread in several waves, including a mild outbreak during the summer of 1918 (Wave I), a major, deadly outbreak in the succeeding fall and spring (Wave II), and a small echo wave in 1920. All parts of the island experienced the epidemic, but the effects varied across districts, both in timing and in severity. Overall P&I mortality rates across districts during the entire epidemic (1918?1920) ranged from 28.6 to 109.3 deaths per 10,000 population, with the island as a whole experiencing a mortality rate of 74.5 per 10,000. This island-wide mortality rate was 4.5 times higher than the P&I mortality rate for the 3 years immediately preceding the epidemic. Estimates of the reproduction number, R, range from 1.2 to 2.4 for Wave I and from 2.4 to 9.3 for Wave II. The pandemic experience on Newfoundland illustrates the high degree of regional variability in incidence and severity that epidemics can exhibit. In addition, compared to other world regions, the island's pandemic peaked relatively late and exhibited an unusual bimodal peak during Wave II, emphasizing that local and regional conditions can have major influences on timing, location, and rate of spread. This suggests the need to for greater understanding of how local factors influence epidemic spread so that more effective control strategies can be developed for populations experiencing future influenza pandemics.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X11002817