tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
PLoS One
. 2021 Apr 29;16(4):e0250955.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250955. eCollection 2021.
Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings for patients of different age groups with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a hospital in Saudi Arabia
Mutasim E Ibrahim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Obaid S Al-Aklobi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mosleh M Abomughaid[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mushabab A Al-Ghamdi[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to rage worldwide, clinical and laboratory studies of this disease have been limited in many countries. We investigated the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of COVID-19 infected patients to identify the effective indicators correlated with the disease.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at King Abdullah Hospital in Bisha Province, Saudi Arabia, from March 20 to June 30, 2020. Patients of different age groups were confirmed as having COVID-19 infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were statistically analyzed.
Results: Of the 132 patients, 85 were male and 47 were female, with a mean age of 50.9 years (SD?16.7). The patients were elderly (n = 29) and adults (n = 103). Of these, 54 (40.9%) had comorbidities, (25%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 12 (9.1%) died. On admission, the main clinical manifestations were fever (84.1%), cough (64.4%), shortness of breath (25%), chest pain (20.5%), and fatigue (18.2%). In all patients, increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes were observed. Patients' lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated. C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated in 48.5%, D-dimer in 43.2%, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 40.9% of patients. The elderly showed higher neutrophil (p = 0.011) and lower lymphocyte (p = 0.009) counts than adults. Glucose, creatine kinase-MB, LDH, bilirubin, D-dimer, and ESR were significantly higher in the elderly than in the adults. The COVID-19 death group had a higher leucocyte count (p = 0.036), and higher urea (p = 0.029) and potassium (p = 0.022) than the recovered group but had a lower hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.018). A significant association was determined between COVID-19 death and the presence of cardiovascular disease (?2(1) = 16.297, p<0.001), hypertension (?2(1) = 12.034, p = 0.001), renal failure (?2(1) = 3.843, p = 0. 05), old age (t (130) = 4.9, p <0.001), and ICU admission (?2(1) = 17.6 (1), p<0.001).
Conclusions: Investigating some of the laboratory and clinical parameters could help assess the disease progression, risk of mortality, and follow up patients who could progress to a fatal condition.
. 2021 Apr 29;16(4):e0250955.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250955. eCollection 2021.
Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings for patients of different age groups with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a hospital in Saudi Arabia
Mutasim E Ibrahim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Obaid S Al-Aklobi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mosleh M Abomughaid[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mushabab A Al-Ghamdi[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33914805
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250955
Abstract
Background: Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to rage worldwide, clinical and laboratory studies of this disease have been limited in many countries. We investigated the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of COVID-19 infected patients to identify the effective indicators correlated with the disease.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at King Abdullah Hospital in Bisha Province, Saudi Arabia, from March 20 to June 30, 2020. Patients of different age groups were confirmed as having COVID-19 infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were statistically analyzed.
Results: Of the 132 patients, 85 were male and 47 were female, with a mean age of 50.9 years (SD?16.7). The patients were elderly (n = 29) and adults (n = 103). Of these, 54 (40.9%) had comorbidities, (25%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 12 (9.1%) died. On admission, the main clinical manifestations were fever (84.1%), cough (64.4%), shortness of breath (25%), chest pain (20.5%), and fatigue (18.2%). In all patients, increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes were observed. Patients' lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated. C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated in 48.5%, D-dimer in 43.2%, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 40.9% of patients. The elderly showed higher neutrophil (p = 0.011) and lower lymphocyte (p = 0.009) counts than adults. Glucose, creatine kinase-MB, LDH, bilirubin, D-dimer, and ESR were significantly higher in the elderly than in the adults. The COVID-19 death group had a higher leucocyte count (p = 0.036), and higher urea (p = 0.029) and potassium (p = 0.022) than the recovered group but had a lower hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.018). A significant association was determined between COVID-19 death and the presence of cardiovascular disease (?2(1) = 16.297, p<0.001), hypertension (?2(1) = 12.034, p = 0.001), renal failure (?2(1) = 3.843, p = 0. 05), old age (t (130) = 4.9, p <0.001), and ICU admission (?2(1) = 17.6 (1), p<0.001).
Conclusions: Investigating some of the laboratory and clinical parameters could help assess the disease progression, risk of mortality, and follow up patients who could progress to a fatal condition.