tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
PLoS One
. 2023 Aug 4;18(8):e0287117.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287117. eCollection 2023. Analysis of altered level of blood-based biomarkers in prognosis of COVID-19 patients
Mahendra Raj Shrestha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ajaya Basnet[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Basanta Tamang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sudip Khadka[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rajendra Maharjan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rupak Maharjan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arun Bahadur Chand[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Suresh Thapa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shiba Kumar Rai[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Introduction: Immune and inflammatory responses developed by the patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during rapid disease progression result in an altered level of biomarkers. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze levels of blood-based biomarkers that are significantly altered in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 diagnosed patients admitted to the tertiary care hospital. Several biomarkers-biochemical, hematological, inflammatory, cardiac, and coagulatory-were analyzed and subsequently tested for statistical significance at P<0.01 by using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: A total of 1,780 samples were analyzed from 1,232 COVID-19 patients (median age 45 years [IQR 33-57]; 788 [63.96%] male). The COVID-19 patients had significantly (99% Confidence Interval, P<0.01) elevated levels of glucose, urea, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, D-Dimer, and creatinine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) compared to the control group. However, the levels of total protein, albumin, and platelets were significantly (P<0.01) lowered in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. The elevated levels of glucose, urea, WBC, CRP, D-Dimer, and LDH were significantly (P<0.01) associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Conclusions: Assessing and monitoring the elevated levels of glucose, urea, ALT, AST, ALP, WBC, CRP, PCT, IL-6, ferritin, LDH, D-Dimer, and CPK-MB and the lowered levels of total protein, albumin, and platelet could provide a basis for evaluation of improved prognosis and effective treatment in patients with COVID-19.
. 2023 Aug 4;18(8):e0287117.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287117. eCollection 2023. Analysis of altered level of blood-based biomarkers in prognosis of COVID-19 patients
Mahendra Raj Shrestha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ajaya Basnet[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Basanta Tamang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sudip Khadka[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rajendra Maharjan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rupak Maharjan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arun Bahadur Chand[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Suresh Thapa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shiba Kumar Rai[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37540679
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287117
Introduction: Immune and inflammatory responses developed by the patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during rapid disease progression result in an altered level of biomarkers. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze levels of blood-based biomarkers that are significantly altered in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 diagnosed patients admitted to the tertiary care hospital. Several biomarkers-biochemical, hematological, inflammatory, cardiac, and coagulatory-were analyzed and subsequently tested for statistical significance at P<0.01 by using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: A total of 1,780 samples were analyzed from 1,232 COVID-19 patients (median age 45 years [IQR 33-57]; 788 [63.96%] male). The COVID-19 patients had significantly (99% Confidence Interval, P<0.01) elevated levels of glucose, urea, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, D-Dimer, and creatinine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) compared to the control group. However, the levels of total protein, albumin, and platelets were significantly (P<0.01) lowered in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. The elevated levels of glucose, urea, WBC, CRP, D-Dimer, and LDH were significantly (P<0.01) associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Conclusions: Assessing and monitoring the elevated levels of glucose, urea, ALT, AST, ALP, WBC, CRP, PCT, IL-6, ferritin, LDH, D-Dimer, and CPK-MB and the lowered levels of total protein, albumin, and platelet could provide a basis for evaluation of improved prognosis and effective treatment in patients with COVID-19.