tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Pediatrics
. 2023 Mar 24;e2022059922.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-059922. Online ahead of print.
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children: 2011-2020
Nicole Hood[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Manjusha Gaglani[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Madhava Beeram[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Karen Wernli[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michael L Jackson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Emily T Martin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Arnold S Monto[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Richard Zimmerman[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jonathan Raviotta[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Edward A Belongia[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Huong Q McLean[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Sara Kim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Manish M Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jessie R Chung[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background and objectives: Infants and children are at increased risk of severe influenza virus infection and its complications. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by age, influenza season, and influenza virus type/subtype. This study's objective was to examine the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against outpatient influenza illness in the pediatric population over 9 influenza seasons after the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic.
Methods: During the 2011-2012 through the 2019-2020 influenza seasons at outpatient clinics at 5 sites of the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, children aged 6 months to 17 years with an acute respiratory illness were tested for influenza using real-time, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated using a test-negative design.
Results: Among 24 148 enrolled children, 28% overall tested positive for influenza, 3017 tested positive for influenza A(H3N2), 1459 for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 2178 for influenza B. Among all enrollees, 39% overall were vaccinated, with 29% of influenza cases and 43% of influenza-negative controls vaccinated. Across all influenza seasons, the pooled VE for any influenza was 46% (95% confidence interval, 43-50). Overall and by type/subtype, VE against influenza illness was highest among children in the 6- to 59-month age group compared with older pediatric age groups. VE was lowest for influenza A(H3N2) virus infection.
Conclusions: Analysis of multiple seasons suggested substantial benefit against outpatient illness. Investigation of host-specific or virus-related mechanisms that may result in differences by age and virus type/subtype may help further efforts to promote increased vaccination coverage and other influenza-related preventative measures.
. 2023 Mar 24;e2022059922.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-059922. Online ahead of print.
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children: 2011-2020
Nicole Hood[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Manjusha Gaglani[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Madhava Beeram[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Karen Wernli[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michael L Jackson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Emily T Martin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Arnold S Monto[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Richard Zimmerman[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jonathan Raviotta[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Edward A Belongia[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Huong Q McLean[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Sara Kim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Manish M Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jessie R Chung[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36960655
- DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-059922
Abstract
Background and objectives: Infants and children are at increased risk of severe influenza virus infection and its complications. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by age, influenza season, and influenza virus type/subtype. This study's objective was to examine the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against outpatient influenza illness in the pediatric population over 9 influenza seasons after the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic.
Methods: During the 2011-2012 through the 2019-2020 influenza seasons at outpatient clinics at 5 sites of the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, children aged 6 months to 17 years with an acute respiratory illness were tested for influenza using real-time, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated using a test-negative design.
Results: Among 24 148 enrolled children, 28% overall tested positive for influenza, 3017 tested positive for influenza A(H3N2), 1459 for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 2178 for influenza B. Among all enrollees, 39% overall were vaccinated, with 29% of influenza cases and 43% of influenza-negative controls vaccinated. Across all influenza seasons, the pooled VE for any influenza was 46% (95% confidence interval, 43-50). Overall and by type/subtype, VE against influenza illness was highest among children in the 6- to 59-month age group compared with older pediatric age groups. VE was lowest for influenza A(H3N2) virus infection.
Conclusions: Analysis of multiple seasons suggested substantial benefit against outpatient illness. Investigation of host-specific or virus-related mechanisms that may result in differences by age and virus type/subtype may help further efforts to promote increased vaccination coverage and other influenza-related preventative measures.