Re: Tamiflu-resistant swine flu found on US-Mexico border
Re: Tamiflu-resistant swine flu found on US-Mexico border
PAHO rejects report of resistant H1N1 cases on US-Mexico border
Cerqueira said she repeated several times that she had no information on any antiviral-resistant cases in the border area. "It is an unfortunate misinterpretation that needs to be clarified," she wrote.
She wrote that she has heard about two antiviral-resistant cases from a physician in Colombia, but that the source did not say they were near the US-Mexico border.
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/swineflu/news/aug0409resistance.html
These comments are still not adding up. There are confirmed H1N1 cases at multiple locations along the Texas / Mexico border, including deaths at multiple locations (see map)
http://flutracker.rhizalabs.com/flu/gmap0908041002.html?lat=27.839076094777816&lon=-105.46875&zoom=6
and cross traffic with Mexico would include Arizona and California, where there are also multiple locations with confirmed cases and deaths on both sides of tborder, so the singling out of two locations in Texas of areas of increased concnern, without reports of Tamiflu resistance, makes little sense. Moreover, the description of the two cases specifically mentions diagnositic resistance, and the presence of H274Y is frequently considered diagnostic for resistance when samples are not formally tested for resistance. At Genbank, sequences with H274Y are labeled with and astrisk with the following warning
* This sequence has the H274Y mutation that might confer resistance to Oseltamivir.
Since it is well known that N1 with H274Y confers resistance in the range of 300-1000 (takes 300 to 1000X the amount of Tamiflu to acheive the same level of inhibition seen in wild type), the presence of H274Y is considered "diagnostic" of resistance (which is confirmed when such samples are directly tested with multiple concentrations of Tamiflu).
Thus, the confusion may simply be PAHO clinging to the absence of formal testing as an excuse for stating there is "no data" on resistance becasue there has been no direct resistance testing (which is only done at a handful of locations world wide - the Tamiflu resistance in Egypt, indicated by another polymorphisms linked to resistance, S294N, was "confirmed" in Atlanta by the CDC, which showed that the S294N confered the same resistance (10-20 fold) previously reported for this genetic change in other isolates.
The subsequent reports of 6 cases of resistance suggest the original remarks of resistance on the Texas / Mexico story were accurate, current "rejection reports" notwithstanding.