tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Forum Infect Dis
. 2023 Mar 27;10(4)
fad172.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad172. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January-November 2021: A Test-Negative Case-Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data
Chelsea S Lutz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rachel M Hartman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Deionna E Vigil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amadea Britton[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amanda B Burrage[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Angela P Campbell[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ryan M Close[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Christine Desnoyers[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jennifer Dobson[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Starla Garcia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natasha Halasa[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Elvira Honie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Miwako Kobayashi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Meredith McMorrow[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Heba H Mostafa[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Dennie Parker[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kyle Pohl[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mila M Prill[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jennifer Richards[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristen C Roessler[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Catherine G Sutcliffe[SUP] 1 9 [/SUP], Kim Taylor[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amy Swango-Wilson[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Puthiery Va[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Jennifer R Verani[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rosalyn J Singleton[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Laura L Hammitt[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Despite the disproportionate morbidity and mortality experienced by American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, few studies have reported vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates among these communities.
Methods: We conducted a test-negative case-control analysis among AI/AN persons aged ≥12 years presenting for care from January 1, 2021, through November 30, 2021, to evaluate the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Cases and controls were patients with ≥1 symptom consistent with COVID-19-like illness; cases were defined as those test-positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and controls were defined as those test-negative for SARS-CoV-2. We used unconditional multivariable logistic regression to estimate VE, defined as 1 minus the adjusted odds ratio for vaccination among cases vs controls.
Results: The analysis included 207 cases and 267 test-negative controls. Forty-four percent of cases and 78% of controls received 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. VE point estimates for 2 doses of mRNA vaccine were higher for hospitalized participants (94.6%; 95% CI, 88.0-97.6) than outpatient participants (86.5%; 95% CI, 63.0-95.0), but confidence intervals overlapped.
Conclusions: Among AI/AN persons, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were highly effective in preventing COVID-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Maintaining high vaccine coverage, including booster doses, will reduce the burden of disease in this population.
Keywords: Alaskan Native; American Indian; COVID-19; Indigenous Peoples; vaccine; vaccine effectiveness.
. 2023 Mar 27;10(4)
fad172.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad172. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January-November 2021: A Test-Negative Case-Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data
Chelsea S Lutz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rachel M Hartman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Deionna E Vigil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amadea Britton[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amanda B Burrage[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Angela P Campbell[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ryan M Close[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Christine Desnoyers[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jennifer Dobson[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Starla Garcia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natasha Halasa[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Elvira Honie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Miwako Kobayashi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Meredith McMorrow[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Heba H Mostafa[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Dennie Parker[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kyle Pohl[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mila M Prill[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jennifer Richards[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristen C Roessler[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Catherine G Sutcliffe[SUP] 1 9 [/SUP], Kim Taylor[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amy Swango-Wilson[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Puthiery Va[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Jennifer R Verani[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rosalyn J Singleton[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Laura L Hammitt[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37089780
- PMCID: PMC10114530
- DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad172
Abstract
Background: Despite the disproportionate morbidity and mortality experienced by American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, few studies have reported vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates among these communities.
Methods: We conducted a test-negative case-control analysis among AI/AN persons aged ≥12 years presenting for care from January 1, 2021, through November 30, 2021, to evaluate the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Cases and controls were patients with ≥1 symptom consistent with COVID-19-like illness; cases were defined as those test-positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and controls were defined as those test-negative for SARS-CoV-2. We used unconditional multivariable logistic regression to estimate VE, defined as 1 minus the adjusted odds ratio for vaccination among cases vs controls.
Results: The analysis included 207 cases and 267 test-negative controls. Forty-four percent of cases and 78% of controls received 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. VE point estimates for 2 doses of mRNA vaccine were higher for hospitalized participants (94.6%; 95% CI, 88.0-97.6) than outpatient participants (86.5%; 95% CI, 63.0-95.0), but confidence intervals overlapped.
Conclusions: Among AI/AN persons, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were highly effective in preventing COVID-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Maintaining high vaccine coverage, including booster doses, will reduce the burden of disease in this population.
Keywords: Alaskan Native; American Indian; COVID-19; Indigenous Peoples; vaccine; vaccine effectiveness.