Re: NDM-1 carbapenemase-producing Salmonella Corvallis isolated from a wild bird in Germany
Eurosurveillance, Volume 11, Issue 5, 01 May 2006
Surveillance report
SURVEILLANCE OF HUMAN SALMONELLOSIS IN BULGARIA, 1999-2004: TRENDS, SHIFTS AND RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
This article analyses the distribution of resistant salmonella and resistance mechanisms among the most frequently encountered serotypes in Bulgaria. Culture, biochemical tests and serotyping were used for identification. Screening for resistance to 14 antimicrobial agents with the standard Bauer-Kirby disk-diffusion method.
The double disk synergy method was used to determine production of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL). Transfer of genes coding for ESBLs with experimental conjugation. Specific primers were used for PCR detection of bla-CTX-M, bla-SHV and bla-TEM. 245 resistant salmonella strains were determined in our study; the majority originated from sporadic cases of human illness or asymptomatic infection and the remaining 23 were isolated from outbreaks. 79 producers of ESBL were detected: 5 S. Enteritidis, 1 S. Typhimurium, 9 S. Isangi and 62 S.
Corvallis with types of enzymes: CTX-M3, TEM and SHV. Gene coding for extended-spectrum ß- lactamases were successfully transferred into a recipient Escherichia coli C1A strain simultaneously with genes coding for resistance to aminoglycosides and sulphonamides (for bla-CTX-M3) and gene coding for resistance to aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol (for bla-SHVand bla-TEM). PCR amplification revealed bla-CTX-M3 genes in S. Enteritidis, and
bla-SHV and bla-TEM in S. Corvallis.
Salmonellae have revealed increasing resistance to all clinically important groups of antimicrobial agents.
Bulgaria is the first country in the world where ESBL in serotype Corvallis has been reported.
A wide diversity of resistance genes is found among the leading serotypes of salmonella causing human disease in Bulgaria.
Link to full article
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;31(11):3217-21. doi: 10.1007/s10096-012-1688-5. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
Systemic and extraintestinal forms of human infection due to non-typhoid salmonellae in Bulgaria, 2005-2010.
Asseva G, Petrov P, Ivanova K, Kantardjiev T.
Source
Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504, Sofia, Bulgaria. doctoricata1@abv.bg
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to review the clinical cases diagnosed as systemic or extraintestinal salmonellosis between 2005 and 2010 in Bulgaria, to determine the antimicrobial resistance of the causative salmonellae, and to analyze the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of extraintestinal
Salmonella Corvallis isolates. Culture, biochemical tests, and serotyping were performed.
Resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents was studied with the Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method. The double-disk synergy method was used for the screening of the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). PFGE typing and analysis of the dendrogram was performed for the comparative investigation of
Salmonella Corvallis isolates.
Between 2005 and 2010, 2,227 human non-typhoid Salmonella isolates were investigated at the National Reference Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Sofia, Bulgaria. Thirty-three strains (1.48 %) from nine national regions were isolated from patients with systemic and extraintestinal forms of salmonellosis. The serotype distribution was as follows: S. enteritidis (n = 21), S. choleraesuis (diphasic n = 3; monophasic n = 3), S. typhimurium (n = 2), Salmonella Corvallis (n = 2), Salmonella Montevideo (n = 1), and S. javiana (n = 1). Eight patients developed severe forms of infections: sepsis (n = 2), septic shock (n = 1 with fatal outcome), meningitis (n = 3), and acute renal failure (n = 2). Twenty-two percent of isolates were resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin, 17.64 % to tetracycline, 14.28 % to nalidixic acid, and 10 % to chloramphenicol. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.
One Salmonella Corvallis isolate recovered from a patient with chronic hemolytic anemia produced an ESBL and its PFGE profile demonstrated less than 96 % similarity to fecal and wound Salmonella Corvallis with susceptible phenotypes. S. enteritidis was the most common cause of systemic and extraintestinal forms of human salmonellosis in Bulgaria.
Resistance to ampicillin and gentamicin were the predominant profiles, although one Salmonella Corvallis isolate produced an ESBL. The ESBL-producing Salmonella Corvallis isolate clustered separately from the susceptible Salmonella Corvallis isolates.
PubMed
Microb Drug Resist. 2006 Fall;12(3):192-8.
Molecular characterization and occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis from Thailand, Bulgaria, and Denmark.
Archambault M, Petrov P, Hendriksen RS, Asseva G, Bangtrakulnonth A, Hasman H, Aarestrup FM.
Source
Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract
Fifty nine Salmonella Corvallis isolates from humans and food products in Bulgaria, Denmark, and Thailand were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Cephalosporin-resistant isolates were examined for the presence of genes encoding beta-lactamases by PCR and sequencing. Ten different PFGE types were observed.
One type (30 isolates) was recovered in all three countries; three types were found only in Bulgaria, two only in Denmark, two only in Thailand, and two both in Denmark and Thailand. Ten isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, whereas 41 were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Most resistance was observed among the isolates from Bulgaria. Of the 25 isolates from Bulgaria, 20 displayed resistance to ampicillin and the cephalosporins ceftiofur and cephalothin. All 20 isolates tested negative for bla (CMY-1), bla (CMY-2), and bla (ACC), but positive for bla (SHV), of which five were sequenced to bla (SHV-2). Plasmid profiling and hybridization revealed that the bla (SHV) gene was located on plasmids of approximately 70 kb. Five plasmid profiles were found among these 20 isolates. The plasmid profiling confirmed the PFGE-type and was able to further subdivide the strains. Seventeen of these 20 isolates contained also bla (TEM), of which nine representatives were sequenced to bla (TEM-1B), or bla (TEM-1H). One isolate contained bla (CTX-M-15), bla (SHV-2), and bla (TEM-1H), with the bla (CTX-M-15), and bla (TEM-1H) genes located on a 63-kb transferable plasmid.
This study showed a high frequency of resistance among S. Corvallis isolated from humans and food products in Bulgaria, with a lower frequency in Thailand and Denmark. The clonal relatedness among the isolates from three countries could indicate a recent spread of this serovar.
PubMed
