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Bacterial colonization dampens influenza-mediated acute lung injury via induction of M2 alveolar macrophages
Jian Wang1, 6
Fengqi Li1, 6
Rui Sun1, 2
Xiang Gao3
Haiming Wei1, 2
Lan-Juan Li4, 5
Zhigang Tian1, 2, 4, 5
Affiliations
Contributions
Corresponding author
Nature Communications
4,
Article number:
2106
doi:10.1038/ncomms3106
While the presence of airway bacteria is known to be associated with improved immunity against influenza virus, the mechanism by which endogenous microbiota influence antiviral immunity remains unclear. Here we show that specific pathogen-free mice are more sensitive to influenza-mediated death than mice living in a natural environment. Priming with Toll-like receptor 2-ligand+ Staphylococcus aureus, which commonly colonizes the upper respiratory mucosa, significantly attenuates influenza-mediated lung immune injury. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency or alveolar macrophage depletion abolishes this protection. S. aureus priming recruits peripheral CCR2+CD11b+ monocytes into the alveoli that polarize to M2 alveolar macrophages in an environment created by Toll-like receptor 2 signalling. M2 alveolar macrophages inhibit influenza-mediated lethal inflammation via anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibitory ligands. Our results suggest a previously undescribed mechanism by which the airway microbiota may protect against influenza-mediated lethal inflammation.
http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130703/ncomms3106/abs/ncomms3106.html
Jian Wang1, 6
Fengqi Li1, 6
Rui Sun1, 2
Xiang Gao3
Haiming Wei1, 2
Lan-Juan Li4, 5
Zhigang Tian1, 2, 4, 5
Affiliations
Contributions
Corresponding author
Nature Communications
4,
Article number:
2106
doi:10.1038/ncomms3106
While the presence of airway bacteria is known to be associated with improved immunity against influenza virus, the mechanism by which endogenous microbiota influence antiviral immunity remains unclear. Here we show that specific pathogen-free mice are more sensitive to influenza-mediated death than mice living in a natural environment. Priming with Toll-like receptor 2-ligand+ Staphylococcus aureus, which commonly colonizes the upper respiratory mucosa, significantly attenuates influenza-mediated lung immune injury. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency or alveolar macrophage depletion abolishes this protection. S. aureus priming recruits peripheral CCR2+CD11b+ monocytes into the alveoli that polarize to M2 alveolar macrophages in an environment created by Toll-like receptor 2 signalling. M2 alveolar macrophages inhibit influenza-mediated lethal inflammation via anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibitory ligands. Our results suggest a previously undescribed mechanism by which the airway microbiota may protect against influenza-mediated lethal inflammation.
http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130703/ncomms3106/abs/ncomms3106.html