tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Nat Microbiol
. 2025 Jun 3.
doi: 10.1038/s41564-025-02002-x. Online ahead of print. Genetic diversity of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in poultry across China and implications for zoonotic transmission
Jing Yang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Juan Li[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Ju Sun[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 3 6 [/SUP], Jiaming Li[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Guanghua Fu[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 7 [/SUP], Tian Tian[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Yongchun Yang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 8 [/SUP], Xuancheng Lu[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shan Li[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Lixia Wang[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Jia Dong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mingjia Wu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yun Liu[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Delong Li[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Dongfang Hu[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Hui Dong[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ruoyu Shang[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Yanqing Wang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kunpeng Yuan[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Lin Ran[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Honglei Sun[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Wenxia Tian[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Yu Huang[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jinhua Liu[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Wenjun Liu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Weifeng Shi[SUP] 13 14 [/SUP], George F Gao[SUP] 15 16 17 [/SUP], Yuhai Bi[SUP] 18 19 20 21 22 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Nationwide surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live poultry markets across China has occurred since 2014, providing a resource for AIV prevalence and genetic diversity studies. Here we report that 3,237 of 18,425 samples from poultry were AIV positive (17.57%) between 2019 and 2023, with H9N2 being the dominant subtype. We developed an automated phylogeny-based nomenclature system to classify genetic clades of the dominant H9N2 lineage, the BJ94 lineage. Using this model, we found that ten haemagglutinin (HA) sub-subclades cocirculated in poultry and showed antigenic variation. In addition, 99.46% and 96.17% of H9N2 AIVs in 2021-2023 possessed human-receptor binding-related HA-L226 and human MxA-resistance-related NP-N52 mutations, respectively. H9N2 strains with these two mutations preferred human-type receptors and increased replication in human cells in vitro, regardless of the presence of PB2-V/K/E627. Moreover, H9N2 AIVs containing HA-L226, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 were transmitted from infected to naive guinea pigs and ferrets through direct contact and respiratory droplet. This highlights the potential zoonotic risks of H9N2 AIVs.
. 2025 Jun 3.
doi: 10.1038/s41564-025-02002-x. Online ahead of print. Genetic diversity of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in poultry across China and implications for zoonotic transmission
Jing Yang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Juan Li[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Ju Sun[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 3 6 [/SUP], Jiaming Li[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Guanghua Fu[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 7 [/SUP], Tian Tian[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Yongchun Yang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 8 [/SUP], Xuancheng Lu[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shan Li[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Lixia Wang[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Jia Dong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mingjia Wu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yun Liu[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Delong Li[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Dongfang Hu[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Hui Dong[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ruoyu Shang[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Yanqing Wang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kunpeng Yuan[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Lin Ran[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Honglei Sun[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Wenxia Tian[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Yu Huang[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jinhua Liu[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Wenjun Liu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Weifeng Shi[SUP] 13 14 [/SUP], George F Gao[SUP] 15 16 17 [/SUP], Yuhai Bi[SUP] 18 19 20 21 22 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40461649
- DOI: 10.1038/s41564-025-02002-x
Nationwide surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live poultry markets across China has occurred since 2014, providing a resource for AIV prevalence and genetic diversity studies. Here we report that 3,237 of 18,425 samples from poultry were AIV positive (17.57%) between 2019 and 2023, with H9N2 being the dominant subtype. We developed an automated phylogeny-based nomenclature system to classify genetic clades of the dominant H9N2 lineage, the BJ94 lineage. Using this model, we found that ten haemagglutinin (HA) sub-subclades cocirculated in poultry and showed antigenic variation. In addition, 99.46% and 96.17% of H9N2 AIVs in 2021-2023 possessed human-receptor binding-related HA-L226 and human MxA-resistance-related NP-N52 mutations, respectively. H9N2 strains with these two mutations preferred human-type receptors and increased replication in human cells in vitro, regardless of the presence of PB2-V/K/E627. Moreover, H9N2 AIVs containing HA-L226, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 were transmitted from infected to naive guinea pigs and ferrets through direct contact and respiratory droplet. This highlights the potential zoonotic risks of H9N2 AIVs.