tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Nat Med
. 2022 Jul 25.
doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01909-w. Online ahead of print.
Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults
Anuradhaa Subramanian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Sarah Hughes[SUP] 1 5 6 7 8 [/SUP], Puja Myles[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tim Williams[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Krishna M Gokhale[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tom Taverner[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Joht Singh Chandan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kirsty Brown[SUP] 1 10 [/SUP], Nikita Simms-Williams[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anoop D Shah[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Megha Singh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Farah Kidy[SUP] 1 12 [/SUP], Kelvin Okoth[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Richard Hotham[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nasir Bashir[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Neil Cockburn[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Siang Ing Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Grace M Turner[SUP] 1 5 14 [/SUP], Georgios V Gkoutos[SUP] 15 16 17 18 19 [/SUP], Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi[SUP] 1 5 6 7 8 18 [/SUP], Christel McMullan[SUP] 1 5 8 14 20 [/SUP], Alastair K Denniston[SUP] 15 16 5 7 18 19 [/SUP], Elizabeth Sapey[SUP] 19 21 22 [/SUP], Janet M Lord[SUP] 14 18 21 23 [/SUP], David C Wraith[SUP] 18 24 [/SUP], Edward Leggett[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Clare Iles[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tom Marshall[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Malcolm J Price[SUP] 1 18 [/SUP], Steven Marwaha[SUP] 25 26 [/SUP], Elin Haf Davies[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Louise J Jackson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karen L Matthews[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Jenny Camaradou[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Melanie Calvert[SUP] 1 15 16 5 6 7 8 14 18 22 [/SUP], Shamil Haroon[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a range of persistent symptoms impacting everyday functioning, known as post-COVID-19 condition or long COVID. We undertook a retrospective matched cohort study using a UK-based primary care database, Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, to determine symptoms that are associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond 12 weeks in non-hospitalized adults and the risk factors associated with developing persistent symptoms. We selected 486,149 adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1,944,580 propensity score-matched adults with no recorded evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes included 115 individual symptoms, as well as long COVID, defined as a composite outcome of 33 symptoms by the World Health Organization clinical case definition. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the outcomes. A total of 62 symptoms were significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after 12 weeks. The largest aHRs were for anosmia (aHR 6.49, 95% CI 5.02-8.39), hair loss (3.99, 3.63-4.39), sneezing (2.77, 1.40-5.50), ejaculation difficulty (2.63, 1.61-4.28) and reduced libido (2.36, 1.61-3.47). Among the cohort of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, risk factors for long COVID included female sex, belonging to an ethnic minority, socioeconomic deprivation, smoking, obesity and a wide range of comorbidities. The risk of developing long COVID was also found to be increased along a gradient of decreasing age. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a plethora of symptoms that are associated with a range of sociodemographic and clinical risk factors.
. 2022 Jul 25.
doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01909-w. Online ahead of print.
Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults
Anuradhaa Subramanian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Sarah Hughes[SUP] 1 5 6 7 8 [/SUP], Puja Myles[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tim Williams[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Krishna M Gokhale[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tom Taverner[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Joht Singh Chandan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kirsty Brown[SUP] 1 10 [/SUP], Nikita Simms-Williams[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anoop D Shah[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Megha Singh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Farah Kidy[SUP] 1 12 [/SUP], Kelvin Okoth[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Richard Hotham[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nasir Bashir[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Neil Cockburn[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Siang Ing Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Grace M Turner[SUP] 1 5 14 [/SUP], Georgios V Gkoutos[SUP] 15 16 17 18 19 [/SUP], Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi[SUP] 1 5 6 7 8 18 [/SUP], Christel McMullan[SUP] 1 5 8 14 20 [/SUP], Alastair K Denniston[SUP] 15 16 5 7 18 19 [/SUP], Elizabeth Sapey[SUP] 19 21 22 [/SUP], Janet M Lord[SUP] 14 18 21 23 [/SUP], David C Wraith[SUP] 18 24 [/SUP], Edward Leggett[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Clare Iles[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tom Marshall[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Malcolm J Price[SUP] 1 18 [/SUP], Steven Marwaha[SUP] 25 26 [/SUP], Elin Haf Davies[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Louise J Jackson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karen L Matthews[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Jenny Camaradou[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Melanie Calvert[SUP] 1 15 16 5 6 7 8 14 18 22 [/SUP], Shamil Haroon[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35879616
- DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01909-w
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a range of persistent symptoms impacting everyday functioning, known as post-COVID-19 condition or long COVID. We undertook a retrospective matched cohort study using a UK-based primary care database, Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, to determine symptoms that are associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond 12 weeks in non-hospitalized adults and the risk factors associated with developing persistent symptoms. We selected 486,149 adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1,944,580 propensity score-matched adults with no recorded evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes included 115 individual symptoms, as well as long COVID, defined as a composite outcome of 33 symptoms by the World Health Organization clinical case definition. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the outcomes. A total of 62 symptoms were significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after 12 weeks. The largest aHRs were for anosmia (aHR 6.49, 95% CI 5.02-8.39), hair loss (3.99, 3.63-4.39), sneezing (2.77, 1.40-5.50), ejaculation difficulty (2.63, 1.61-4.28) and reduced libido (2.36, 1.61-3.47). Among the cohort of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, risk factors for long COVID included female sex, belonging to an ethnic minority, socioeconomic deprivation, smoking, obesity and a wide range of comorbidities. The risk of developing long COVID was also found to be increased along a gradient of decreasing age. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a plethora of symptoms that are associated with a range of sociodemographic and clinical risk factors.