Sally Furniss
Well-known member
Molecular Evolution of H6 Influenza Viruses from Poultry in Southeastern China: Prevalence of H6N1 Influenza Viruses Possessing Seven A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1)-Like Genes in Poultry
P. S. Chin,<sup>1</sup><sup>*</sup> E. Hoffmann,<sup>2</sup> R. Webby,<sup>2</sup> R. G. Webster,<sup>2</sup> Y. Guan,<sup>1</sup> M. Peiris,<sup>1</sup> and K. F. Shortridge<sup>1</sup> Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People?s Republic of China,<sup>1</sup> Department of Virology, St. Jude Children?s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794<sup>2</sup>
Received 24 July 2001/ Accepted 12 October 2001
<!-- ABS --> The A/teal/Hong Kong/W312/97 (H6N1) influenza virus and the<sup> </sup>human H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses possess similar genes<sup> </sup>encoding internal proteins, suggesting that H6N1 viruses could<sup> </sup>become novel human pathogens. The molecular epidemiology and<sup> </sup>evolution of H6 influenza viruses were characterized by antigenic<sup> </sup>and genetic analyses of 29 H6 influenza viruses isolated from<sup> </sup>1975 to 1981 and 1997 to 2000. Two distinct groups were identified<sup> </sup>on the basis of their antigenic characteristics. Phylogenetic<sup> </sup>analysis revealed that all H6N1 viruses isolated from terrestrial<sup> </sup>poultry in 1999 and 2000 are closely related to A/teal/Hong<sup> </sup>Kong/W312/97 (H6N1), and the nucleotide sequences of these viruses<sup> </sup>and of A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) were more than 96% homologous.<sup> </sup>The hemagglutinin (HA) of the 1999 and 2000 terrestrial viruses<sup> </sup>does not have multiple basic amino acids at the site of cleavage<sup> </sup>of HA1 to HA2; however, a unique insertion of aspartic acid<sup> </sup>in HA1 between positions 144 and 145 (H3 numbering) was found.<sup> </sup>The neuraminidase of these terrestrial H6N1 viruses has a deletion<sup> </sup>of 19 amino acids characteristic of A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1).<sup> </sup>Evolutionary analysis suggested that these H6N1 viruses coevolved<sup> </sup>with A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97-like H9N2 viruses and became more<sup> </sup>adapted to terrestrial poultry. These terrestrial 1999 and 2000<sup> </sup>A/teal/Hong Kong/W312/97 (H6N1)-like viruses, along with the<sup> </sup>H9N2 viruses, could have been involved in the genesis of the<sup> </sup>pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses of 1997. The presence of H6N1<sup> </sup>viruses in poultry markets in Hong Kong that possess seven of<sup> </sup>the eight genes of the A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) virus raises<sup> </sup>the following fundamental questions relevant to influenza pandemic<sup> </sup>preparedness: could the pathogenic H5N1 virus reemerge and could<sup> </sup>the H6N1 viruses directly cross the species barrier to mammals?
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/76/2/507
<sup> </sup>
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P. S. Chin,<sup>1</sup><sup>*</sup> E. Hoffmann,<sup>2</sup> R. Webby,<sup>2</sup> R. G. Webster,<sup>2</sup> Y. Guan,<sup>1</sup> M. Peiris,<sup>1</sup> and K. F. Shortridge<sup>1</sup> Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People?s Republic of China,<sup>1</sup> Department of Virology, St. Jude Children?s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794<sup>2</sup>
Received 24 July 2001/ Accepted 12 October 2001
<!-- ABS --> The A/teal/Hong Kong/W312/97 (H6N1) influenza virus and the<sup> </sup>human H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses possess similar genes<sup> </sup>encoding internal proteins, suggesting that H6N1 viruses could<sup> </sup>become novel human pathogens. The molecular epidemiology and<sup> </sup>evolution of H6 influenza viruses were characterized by antigenic<sup> </sup>and genetic analyses of 29 H6 influenza viruses isolated from<sup> </sup>1975 to 1981 and 1997 to 2000. Two distinct groups were identified<sup> </sup>on the basis of their antigenic characteristics. Phylogenetic<sup> </sup>analysis revealed that all H6N1 viruses isolated from terrestrial<sup> </sup>poultry in 1999 and 2000 are closely related to A/teal/Hong<sup> </sup>Kong/W312/97 (H6N1), and the nucleotide sequences of these viruses<sup> </sup>and of A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) were more than 96% homologous.<sup> </sup>The hemagglutinin (HA) of the 1999 and 2000 terrestrial viruses<sup> </sup>does not have multiple basic amino acids at the site of cleavage<sup> </sup>of HA1 to HA2; however, a unique insertion of aspartic acid<sup> </sup>in HA1 between positions 144 and 145 (H3 numbering) was found.<sup> </sup>The neuraminidase of these terrestrial H6N1 viruses has a deletion<sup> </sup>of 19 amino acids characteristic of A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1).<sup> </sup>Evolutionary analysis suggested that these H6N1 viruses coevolved<sup> </sup>with A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97-like H9N2 viruses and became more<sup> </sup>adapted to terrestrial poultry. These terrestrial 1999 and 2000<sup> </sup>A/teal/Hong Kong/W312/97 (H6N1)-like viruses, along with the<sup> </sup>H9N2 viruses, could have been involved in the genesis of the<sup> </sup>pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses of 1997. The presence of H6N1<sup> </sup>viruses in poultry markets in Hong Kong that possess seven of<sup> </sup>the eight genes of the A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) virus raises<sup> </sup>the following fundamental questions relevant to influenza pandemic<sup> </sup>preparedness: could the pathogenic H5N1 virus reemerge and could<sup> </sup>the H6N1 viruses directly cross the species barrier to mammals?
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/76/2/507
<sup> </sup>
<hr align="left" width="50%"> <!-- null -->
