tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee recommend that all U.S. health-care personnel (HCP) be vaccinated annually against influenza (1). Nonetheless, influenza vaccination coverage among HCP in the United States has increased slowly over the past decade (2,3); during the 2009--10 influenza season, 61.9% of HCP received seasonal influenza vaccination (4). To update data with estimates from the 2010--11 influenza season, CDC conducted an Internet-based survey of 1,931 HCP who participated in three online survey panels. This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicated that overall influenza vaccination coverage among HCP was 63.5% during the 2010--11 influenza season, similar to coverage for the 2009--10 season. Among HCP who reported working at a facility where vaccination was required by their employer, 98.1% were vaccinated. Among HCP without such an employer requirement but who were offered vaccination onsite, greater coverage was associated with a personal reminder from the employer to get vaccinated (69.9%), vaccination availability at no cost (67.9%), and vaccination availability for >1 day (68.8%). Influenza vaccination of HCP is needed to protect patients from HCP-transmitted disease. Maximizing influenza vaccination for all HCP is an important part of any comprehensive infection-control program.
To monitor 2010--11 influenza vaccination coverage among HCP, during April 1--27, 2011, CDC conducted a web-based survey of eligible HCP participating in three online survey panels. A total of 1,150 self-identified HCP were recruited from an online research panel operated by Knowledge Networks, Inc.*; an additional 534 persons were sampled from a specialized research panel composed primarily of physician specialists recruited through sources such as the American Medical Association master file, and 247 self-identified HCP were sampled from a marketing research panel composed of persons recruited through web advertising who agreed to participate in exchange for small amounts of financial compensation (i.e., $10 or less per survey). The total sample of 1,931 from all three sources was weighted to be nationally representative of demographic and geographic characteristics of the U.S. population of HCP as reflected in the most recent Current Population Survey.? Statistical significance of weighted differences was determined by Wald chi-square tests (p<0.05). Factors associated with increased vaccination coverage were assessed in a multivariable logistic regression model. The survey measured self-reported influenza vaccination from August 2010 through approximately mid-April 2011.
Among the HCP, 63.5% reported receiving a 2010--11 influenza vaccination (Table 1).? Vaccination coverage was higher among HCP working in hospitals (71.1%), compared with those working in ambulatory or outpatient centers (61.5%), patient homes (53.6%), and "other" health-care settings (46.7%). Vaccination coverage among physicians and dentists (84.2%) was similar to coverage among nurse practitioners and physician assistants (82.6%) and was significantly higher than for those working in all other occupational groups (Table 1). Coverage also was significantly higher among persons aged ≥60 years (74.2%), compared with those aged 18--29 years (56.4%) and 30--44 years (57.8%). No significant differences in coverage were observed by race/ethnicity.
The prevalence of beliefs regarding influenza and influenza vaccination differed between vaccinated and unvaccinated HCP (Table 2). The greatest differences in prevalence were among HCP who believed getting vaccinated was worth the time and expense (vaccinated: 94.7%, unvaccinated: 45.8%), those who believed getting a vaccination would better protect persons around them (vaccinated: 89.1%, unvaccinated: 44.6%), those who believed vaccination could protect them from getting influenza (vaccinated: 92.7%, unvaccinated: 54.2%), and those who believed influenza to be a serious threat to their own health (vaccinated: 70.1%, unvaccinated: 34.2%). Among those vaccinated, 94.8% believed influenza vaccination was safe, compared with 66.2% of those not vaccinated who believed influenza vaccination was safe (Table 2).
Approximately 13% of HCP reported being required by their employers to be vaccinated for influenza. Among these persons, vaccination coverage was 98.1%, compared with 58.3% among those without an employer requirement (Table 1). Among HCP without an employer requirement who were offered vaccination onsite, greater coverage was associated with a personal reminder from the employer to get vaccinated (69.9% versus 59.5%), vaccination availability at no charge (67.9% versus 41.2%), and vaccination availability for >1 day (68.8% versus 41.4%) (Table 3). In all, 85.5% of HCP without an employer requirement were offered onsite vaccination at no charge on multiple days. Among HCP without onsite vaccination, neither a personal reminder from their employer to be vaccinated nor employers publicizing the risks and benefits of vaccination were associated with vaccination.
In a multivariable logistic regression model limited to HCP who did not have a vaccination requirement but were offered onsite vaccination, two incentives were associated with being vaccinated, after controlling for other incentives and demographic characteristics of HCP: a personal reminder to be vaccinated (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1--2.3) and vaccine availability at no cost and for >1 day (considered as a composite variable because of near complete overlap in the two occurrences) (OR = 2.8; CI = 1.7--4.5). Other incentives were not associated with being vaccinated in this model.
Reported by
Katherine M. Harris, PhD, Lori Uscher-Pines, PhD, RAND Corp., Arlington, Virginia. Carla L. Black, PhD, Gary L. Euler, DrPH, James A. Singleton, MS, Megan C. Lindley, MPH, Immunization Svcs Div, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Taranisia F. MacCannell, PhD, Div of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, CDC. Corresponding contributor: Carla L. Black, cblack2@cdc.gov, 404-639-8436.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6032a1.htm?s_cid=mm6032a1_w
To monitor 2010--11 influenza vaccination coverage among HCP, during April 1--27, 2011, CDC conducted a web-based survey of eligible HCP participating in three online survey panels. A total of 1,150 self-identified HCP were recruited from an online research panel operated by Knowledge Networks, Inc.*; an additional 534 persons were sampled from a specialized research panel composed primarily of physician specialists recruited through sources such as the American Medical Association master file, and 247 self-identified HCP were sampled from a marketing research panel composed of persons recruited through web advertising who agreed to participate in exchange for small amounts of financial compensation (i.e., $10 or less per survey). The total sample of 1,931 from all three sources was weighted to be nationally representative of demographic and geographic characteristics of the U.S. population of HCP as reflected in the most recent Current Population Survey.? Statistical significance of weighted differences was determined by Wald chi-square tests (p<0.05). Factors associated with increased vaccination coverage were assessed in a multivariable logistic regression model. The survey measured self-reported influenza vaccination from August 2010 through approximately mid-April 2011.
Among the HCP, 63.5% reported receiving a 2010--11 influenza vaccination (Table 1).? Vaccination coverage was higher among HCP working in hospitals (71.1%), compared with those working in ambulatory or outpatient centers (61.5%), patient homes (53.6%), and "other" health-care settings (46.7%). Vaccination coverage among physicians and dentists (84.2%) was similar to coverage among nurse practitioners and physician assistants (82.6%) and was significantly higher than for those working in all other occupational groups (Table 1). Coverage also was significantly higher among persons aged ≥60 years (74.2%), compared with those aged 18--29 years (56.4%) and 30--44 years (57.8%). No significant differences in coverage were observed by race/ethnicity.
The prevalence of beliefs regarding influenza and influenza vaccination differed between vaccinated and unvaccinated HCP (Table 2). The greatest differences in prevalence were among HCP who believed getting vaccinated was worth the time and expense (vaccinated: 94.7%, unvaccinated: 45.8%), those who believed getting a vaccination would better protect persons around them (vaccinated: 89.1%, unvaccinated: 44.6%), those who believed vaccination could protect them from getting influenza (vaccinated: 92.7%, unvaccinated: 54.2%), and those who believed influenza to be a serious threat to their own health (vaccinated: 70.1%, unvaccinated: 34.2%). Among those vaccinated, 94.8% believed influenza vaccination was safe, compared with 66.2% of those not vaccinated who believed influenza vaccination was safe (Table 2).
Approximately 13% of HCP reported being required by their employers to be vaccinated for influenza. Among these persons, vaccination coverage was 98.1%, compared with 58.3% among those without an employer requirement (Table 1). Among HCP without an employer requirement who were offered vaccination onsite, greater coverage was associated with a personal reminder from the employer to get vaccinated (69.9% versus 59.5%), vaccination availability at no charge (67.9% versus 41.2%), and vaccination availability for >1 day (68.8% versus 41.4%) (Table 3). In all, 85.5% of HCP without an employer requirement were offered onsite vaccination at no charge on multiple days. Among HCP without onsite vaccination, neither a personal reminder from their employer to be vaccinated nor employers publicizing the risks and benefits of vaccination were associated with vaccination.
In a multivariable logistic regression model limited to HCP who did not have a vaccination requirement but were offered onsite vaccination, two incentives were associated with being vaccinated, after controlling for other incentives and demographic characteristics of HCP: a personal reminder to be vaccinated (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1--2.3) and vaccine availability at no cost and for >1 day (considered as a composite variable because of near complete overlap in the two occurrences) (OR = 2.8; CI = 1.7--4.5). Other incentives were not associated with being vaccinated in this model.
Reported by
Katherine M. Harris, PhD, Lori Uscher-Pines, PhD, RAND Corp., Arlington, Virginia. Carla L. Black, PhD, Gary L. Euler, DrPH, James A. Singleton, MS, Megan C. Lindley, MPH, Immunization Svcs Div, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Taranisia F. MacCannell, PhD, Div of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, CDC. Corresponding contributor: Carla L. Black, cblack2@cdc.gov, 404-639-8436.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6032a1.htm?s_cid=mm6032a1_w