tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Life Sci
. 2020 Nov 12;118761.
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118761. Online ahead of print.
Nano-based approaches in the development of antiviral agents and vaccines
Yang Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yushuo Xiao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yuchen Chen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kun Huang[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Outbreaks and the rapid transmission of viruses, such as coronaviruses and influenza viruses, are serious threats to human health. A major challenge in combating infectious diseases caused by viruses is the lack of effective methods for prevention and treatment. Nanotechnology has provided a basis for the development of novel antiviral strategies. Owing to their large modifiable surfaces that can be functionalized with multiple molecules to realize sophisticated designs, nanomaterials have been developed as nanodrugs, nanocarriers, and nano-based vaccines to effectively induce sufficient immunologic memory. From this perspective, we introduce various nanomaterials with diverse antiviral mechanisms and summarize how nano-based antiviral agents protect against viral infection at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. We summarize the applications of nanomaterials for defense against emerging viruses by trapping and inactivating viruses and inhibiting viral entry and replication. We also discuss recent progress in nano-based vaccines with a focus on the mechanisms by which nanomaterials contribute to immunogenicity. We further describe how nanotechnology may improve vaccine efficacy by delivering large amounts of antigens to target immune cells and enhancing the immune response by mimicking viral structures and activating dendritic cells. Finally, we provide an overview of future prospects for nano-based antiviral agents and vaccines.
Keywords: Antiviral agents and mechanisms; Infection diseases; Nanomaterials; Nanovaccines; Virus.
. 2020 Nov 12;118761.
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118761. Online ahead of print.
Nano-based approaches in the development of antiviral agents and vaccines
Yang Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yushuo Xiao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yuchen Chen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kun Huang[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33189824
- PMCID: PMC7658595
- DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118761
Abstract
Outbreaks and the rapid transmission of viruses, such as coronaviruses and influenza viruses, are serious threats to human health. A major challenge in combating infectious diseases caused by viruses is the lack of effective methods for prevention and treatment. Nanotechnology has provided a basis for the development of novel antiviral strategies. Owing to their large modifiable surfaces that can be functionalized with multiple molecules to realize sophisticated designs, nanomaterials have been developed as nanodrugs, nanocarriers, and nano-based vaccines to effectively induce sufficient immunologic memory. From this perspective, we introduce various nanomaterials with diverse antiviral mechanisms and summarize how nano-based antiviral agents protect against viral infection at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. We summarize the applications of nanomaterials for defense against emerging viruses by trapping and inactivating viruses and inhibiting viral entry and replication. We also discuss recent progress in nano-based vaccines with a focus on the mechanisms by which nanomaterials contribute to immunogenicity. We further describe how nanotechnology may improve vaccine efficacy by delivering large amounts of antigens to target immune cells and enhancing the immune response by mimicking viral structures and activating dendritic cells. Finally, we provide an overview of future prospects for nano-based antiviral agents and vaccines.
Keywords: Antiviral agents and mechanisms; Infection diseases; Nanomaterials; Nanovaccines; Virus.