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Published ahead of print 26 September 2012, doi: 10.1128/JVI.01426-12
Influenza virus neuraminidases with reduced enzymatic activity that avidly bind sialic acid receptors
Xueyong Zhu1,
Ryan McBride2,
Corwin M. Nycholat2,
Wenli Yu1,
James C. Paulson1,2,? and
Ian A. Wilson1,3,?
1Department of Molecular Biology
2Department of Chemical Physiology
3Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
ABSTRACT
Influenza neuraminidase (NA) cleaves off sialic acid from cellular receptors of hemagglutinin (HA) to enable progeny escape from infected cells. However, NA variants (D151G) of recent human H3N2 viruses have been reported to also bind receptors on red blood cells, but the nature of these receptors and the effect of the mutation on NA activity were not established. Here, we compare the functional and structural properties of a human H3N2 NA from A/Tanzania/205/2010 and its D151G mutant, which supports HA-independent receptor binding. While the wild-type NA efficiently cleaves sialic acid from both α2-6 and α2-3 linked glycans, the mutant exhibits much reduced enzymatic activity towards both types of sialosides. Conversely, while wild-type NA shows no detectable binding to sialosides, the D151G NA exhibits avid binding with broad specificity towards α2-3 sialosides. D151G NA binds sialosides 3? -SLN and 6? -SLN with KD values of 30.0 μM and 645 μM, respectively, which correspond to much higher affinities than HA to these glycans (KD ∼ mM). Crystal structures of wild-type and mutant NAs reveal the structural basis for glycan binding in the active site by exclusively impairing the glycosidic bond hydrolysis step. The general significance of D151 among influenza was further explored by introducing the D151G mutation into three N1 and one other N2 NAs, which all exhibited reduced enzymatic activity, and also preferential binding to α2-3 sialosides. Since the enzymatic and binding activities of NAs are not routinely assessed, the potential for NA receptor binding to contribute to influenza biology may be underappreciated.
http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2012/09/20/JVI.01426-12.abstract
Influenza virus neuraminidases with reduced enzymatic activity that avidly bind sialic acid receptors
Xueyong Zhu1,
Ryan McBride2,
Corwin M. Nycholat2,
Wenli Yu1,
James C. Paulson1,2,? and
Ian A. Wilson1,3,?
1Department of Molecular Biology
2Department of Chemical Physiology
3Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
ABSTRACT
Influenza neuraminidase (NA) cleaves off sialic acid from cellular receptors of hemagglutinin (HA) to enable progeny escape from infected cells. However, NA variants (D151G) of recent human H3N2 viruses have been reported to also bind receptors on red blood cells, but the nature of these receptors and the effect of the mutation on NA activity were not established. Here, we compare the functional and structural properties of a human H3N2 NA from A/Tanzania/205/2010 and its D151G mutant, which supports HA-independent receptor binding. While the wild-type NA efficiently cleaves sialic acid from both α2-6 and α2-3 linked glycans, the mutant exhibits much reduced enzymatic activity towards both types of sialosides. Conversely, while wild-type NA shows no detectable binding to sialosides, the D151G NA exhibits avid binding with broad specificity towards α2-3 sialosides. D151G NA binds sialosides 3? -SLN and 6? -SLN with KD values of 30.0 μM and 645 μM, respectively, which correspond to much higher affinities than HA to these glycans (KD ∼ mM). Crystal structures of wild-type and mutant NAs reveal the structural basis for glycan binding in the active site by exclusively impairing the glycosidic bond hydrolysis step. The general significance of D151 among influenza was further explored by introducing the D151G mutation into three N1 and one other N2 NAs, which all exhibited reduced enzymatic activity, and also preferential binding to α2-3 sialosides. Since the enzymatic and binding activities of NAs are not routinely assessed, the potential for NA receptor binding to contribute to influenza biology may be underappreciated.
http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2012/09/20/JVI.01426-12.abstract