tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol
. 2025 Jun 18:e0074125.
doi: 10.1128/jvi.00741-25. Online ahead of print. UNC0638 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry by blocking cathepsin L maturation
Yongjun Chen[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yujin Shi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xiaoyan Zuo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xiaojing Dong[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xia Xiao[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lan Chen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zichun Xiang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lili Ren[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zhuo Zhou[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wensheng Wei[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Xiaobo Lei[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jianwei Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, viral mutations have posed significant challenges in identifying therapeutic targets and developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. Post-translational modifications of genes involved in interferon production and signaling pathways play a crucial role in regulating interferon responses. In this study, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 screening based on adenine base editors to investigate functional amino acids in 1,278 innate immune-related genes. This approach, which converts A-T base pairs into G-C base pairs to probe the functional importance of specific amino acids, allowed us to identify 17 vital factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the candidate genes, genetic knockdown of EHMT2 exhibited the strongest antiviral effect. Further analysis revealed that UNC0638, a selective inhibitor of EHMT2, significantly reduced the endosomal entry of SARS-CoV-2 in pseudovirus assays. The observed inhibitory effect was consistently observed across multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron. Mechanistically, UNC0638 reduced mature cathepsin L (CTSL) levels, impairing the proteolytic cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and subsequent membrane fusion, a critical step for viral entry. Our findings uncover EHMT2 as a host dependency factor and reveal the antiviral mechanism of EHMT2 inhibitors through CTSL maturation blockade. These results advance the understanding of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide a strategic framework for developing host-targeted antiviral therapies.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we demonstrated that knockdown or knockout of EHMT2 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection, and inhibitors of EHMT2, including UNC0638, UNC0642, and BIX01294 showed similar restrictive effects. Mechanistically, the EHMT2 inhibitor UNC0638 restricts spike-mediated cell entry by inhibiting the maturation of CTSL, a critical protease required for SARS-CoV-2 entry via the endosomal pathway. Importantly, CTSL is not only essential for SARS-CoV-2 but also plays a key role in the entry of other coronaviruses that utilize similar pathways. Therefore, EHMT2 inhibitors could have broader applications as pan-coronavirus therapeutic agents.
Keywords: EHMT2; SARS-CoV-2; UNC0638; cathepsin L; viral entry.
. 2025 Jun 18:e0074125.
doi: 10.1128/jvi.00741-25. Online ahead of print. UNC0638 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry by blocking cathepsin L maturation
Yongjun Chen[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yujin Shi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xiaoyan Zuo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xiaojing Dong[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xia Xiao[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lan Chen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zichun Xiang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lili Ren[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zhuo Zhou[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wensheng Wei[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Xiaobo Lei[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jianwei Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40530850
- DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00741-25
Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, viral mutations have posed significant challenges in identifying therapeutic targets and developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. Post-translational modifications of genes involved in interferon production and signaling pathways play a crucial role in regulating interferon responses. In this study, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 screening based on adenine base editors to investigate functional amino acids in 1,278 innate immune-related genes. This approach, which converts A-T base pairs into G-C base pairs to probe the functional importance of specific amino acids, allowed us to identify 17 vital factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the candidate genes, genetic knockdown of EHMT2 exhibited the strongest antiviral effect. Further analysis revealed that UNC0638, a selective inhibitor of EHMT2, significantly reduced the endosomal entry of SARS-CoV-2 in pseudovirus assays. The observed inhibitory effect was consistently observed across multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron. Mechanistically, UNC0638 reduced mature cathepsin L (CTSL) levels, impairing the proteolytic cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and subsequent membrane fusion, a critical step for viral entry. Our findings uncover EHMT2 as a host dependency factor and reveal the antiviral mechanism of EHMT2 inhibitors through CTSL maturation blockade. These results advance the understanding of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide a strategic framework for developing host-targeted antiviral therapies.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we demonstrated that knockdown or knockout of EHMT2 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection, and inhibitors of EHMT2, including UNC0638, UNC0642, and BIX01294 showed similar restrictive effects. Mechanistically, the EHMT2 inhibitor UNC0638 restricts spike-mediated cell entry by inhibiting the maturation of CTSL, a critical protease required for SARS-CoV-2 entry via the endosomal pathway. Importantly, CTSL is not only essential for SARS-CoV-2 but also plays a key role in the entry of other coronaviruses that utilize similar pathways. Therefore, EHMT2 inhibitors could have broader applications as pan-coronavirus therapeutic agents.
Keywords: EHMT2; SARS-CoV-2; UNC0638; cathepsin L; viral entry.