tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Infect Dis
. 2024 Jul 25;230(1):45-54.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae090. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated With COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network, October 2021-June 2022
Kelsey M Sumner[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ruchi Yadav[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Emma K Noble[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ryan Sandford[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Devyani Joshi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sara Y Tartof[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Karen J Wernli[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Emily T Martin[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Manjusha Gaglani[SUP] 8 9 10 [/SUP], Richard K Zimmerman[SUP] 11 [/SUP], H Keipp Talbot[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Carlos G Grijalva[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Edward A Belongia[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Jessie R Chung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eric Rogier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Melissa M Coughlin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration <5 days from symptom onset and testing positive for COVID-19 among patients in a test-negative study.
Methods: From October 2021 to June 2022, study sites in 7 states enrolled patients aged ≥6 months presenting with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2. In blood specimens, we measured concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigens from the ancestral strain in standardized bAb units (BAU). Percentage change in odds of COVID-19 by increasing anti-RBD bAb was estimated via logistic regression as (1 - adjusted odds ratio of COVID-19) × 100, adjusting for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses, age, site, and high-risk exposure.
Results: Out of 2018 symptomatic patients, 662 (33%) tested positive for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Geometric mean RBD bAb levels were lower among COVID-19 cases than SARS-CoV-2 test-negative controls during the Delta-predominant period (112 vs 498 BAU/mL) and Omicron-predominant period (823 vs 1189 BAU/mL). Acute-phase ancestral spike RBD bAb levels associated with 50% lower odds of COVID-19 were 1968 BAU/mL against Delta and 3375 BAU/mL against Omicron; thresholds may differ in other laboratories.
Conclusions: During acute illness, antibody concentrations against ancestral spike RBD were associated with protection against COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 infection; antibodies; correlates of protection.
. 2024 Jul 25;230(1):45-54.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae090. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated With COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network, October 2021-June 2022
Kelsey M Sumner[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ruchi Yadav[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Emma K Noble[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ryan Sandford[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Devyani Joshi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sara Y Tartof[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Karen J Wernli[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Emily T Martin[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Manjusha Gaglani[SUP] 8 9 10 [/SUP], Richard K Zimmerman[SUP] 11 [/SUP], H Keipp Talbot[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Carlos G Grijalva[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Edward A Belongia[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Jessie R Chung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eric Rogier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Melissa M Coughlin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39052724
- PMCID: PMC11272097
- DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae090
Background: We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration <5 days from symptom onset and testing positive for COVID-19 among patients in a test-negative study.
Methods: From October 2021 to June 2022, study sites in 7 states enrolled patients aged ≥6 months presenting with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2. In blood specimens, we measured concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigens from the ancestral strain in standardized bAb units (BAU). Percentage change in odds of COVID-19 by increasing anti-RBD bAb was estimated via logistic regression as (1 - adjusted odds ratio of COVID-19) × 100, adjusting for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses, age, site, and high-risk exposure.
Results: Out of 2018 symptomatic patients, 662 (33%) tested positive for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Geometric mean RBD bAb levels were lower among COVID-19 cases than SARS-CoV-2 test-negative controls during the Delta-predominant period (112 vs 498 BAU/mL) and Omicron-predominant period (823 vs 1189 BAU/mL). Acute-phase ancestral spike RBD bAb levels associated with 50% lower odds of COVID-19 were 1968 BAU/mL against Delta and 3375 BAU/mL against Omicron; thresholds may differ in other laboratories.
Conclusions: During acute illness, antibody concentrations against ancestral spike RBD were associated with protection against COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 infection; antibodies; correlates of protection.