tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Hazard Mater
. 2025 Apr 6:492:138186.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138186. Online ahead of print. PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] constituents and risk of influenza-like illness: A nationwide analysis in 289 Chinese cities
Di Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinxiang Ma[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jinjian Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zhou Yang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wenbiao Hu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Qiyong Liu[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Zhihang Peng[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jun Yang[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Discrepancies in fine particulate matter (PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB])-related influenza-like illness (ILI) risk have been widely observed in different studies in China, where the individual effect of PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] constituents might be one of the important reasons. However, the associations between PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] constituents and ILI risk in China have yet to be understood. We collected and aggregated weekly ILI cases in 289 Chinese cities during 2006-2019, and 47.8 million ILI cases were finally included in this study. Quasi-Poisson regression models and a random-effect meta-analysis were applied to estimate the impacts of PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] and its constituents on ILI risk. Stratification analyses were also conducted by region, age group, season, and temperature and humidity quartiles. With per inter-quartile range increase in black carbon, ammonium, sulfate, PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB], nitrate and organic matter with a cumulative lag of 0-1 week, the overall ILI incidence would increase by 2.55 % (95 % CI: 1.71, 3.40), 2.32 % (1.33, 3.32), 2.19 % (1.29, 3.10), 2.19 % (1.25, 3.13), 2.15 % (1.08, 3.22) and 2.02 % (1.19, 2.85), respectively. The impacts tended to be much stronger in young- and middle-aged population, in North and East China, in winter, and in colder and drier conditions. PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] and its major constituents all have significantly additive effects on ILI incidence. Specific preventive measures against individual constituent should be implemented for improving public health.
Keywords: Influenza-like illness; PM(2.5) constituents; Risk assessment; Vulnerable population.
. 2025 Apr 6:492:138186.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138186. Online ahead of print. PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] constituents and risk of influenza-like illness: A nationwide analysis in 289 Chinese cities
Di Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinxiang Ma[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jinjian Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zhou Yang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wenbiao Hu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Qiyong Liu[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Zhihang Peng[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jun Yang[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40209406
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138186
Discrepancies in fine particulate matter (PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB])-related influenza-like illness (ILI) risk have been widely observed in different studies in China, where the individual effect of PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] constituents might be one of the important reasons. However, the associations between PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] constituents and ILI risk in China have yet to be understood. We collected and aggregated weekly ILI cases in 289 Chinese cities during 2006-2019, and 47.8 million ILI cases were finally included in this study. Quasi-Poisson regression models and a random-effect meta-analysis were applied to estimate the impacts of PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] and its constituents on ILI risk. Stratification analyses were also conducted by region, age group, season, and temperature and humidity quartiles. With per inter-quartile range increase in black carbon, ammonium, sulfate, PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB], nitrate and organic matter with a cumulative lag of 0-1 week, the overall ILI incidence would increase by 2.55 % (95 % CI: 1.71, 3.40), 2.32 % (1.33, 3.32), 2.19 % (1.29, 3.10), 2.19 % (1.25, 3.13), 2.15 % (1.08, 3.22) and 2.02 % (1.19, 2.85), respectively. The impacts tended to be much stronger in young- and middle-aged population, in North and East China, in winter, and in colder and drier conditions. PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] and its major constituents all have significantly additive effects on ILI incidence. Specific preventive measures against individual constituent should be implemented for improving public health.
Keywords: Influenza-like illness; PM(2.5) constituents; Risk assessment; Vulnerable population.