Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: ScienceDirect, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
Journal of Comparative Pathology, Available online 15 January 2014 - In Press, Accepted Manuscript.
The Pathology and Pathogenesis of Experimental SARS and Influenza in Animal Models
J.M.A. van den Brand, B.L. Haagmans, D. van Riel, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, T. Kuiken
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
DOI: j.jcpa.2014.01.004
Received 26 September 2013 - Revised 4 November 2013 - Accepted 6 January 2014 - Available online 15 January 2014 - Open Access
Summary
Respiratory viruses that emerge in the human population may cause high morbidity and mortality, as well as concern about pandemic spread. Examples are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and novel variants of influenza A virus, such as H5N1 and pandemic H1N1. Different animal models are used to develop therapeutic and preventive measures against such viruses, but it is not clear which are most suitable. Therefore, this review compares animal models of SARS and influenza, with an emphasis on non-human primates, ferrets and cats. Firstly, the pathology and pathogenesis between SARS and influenza is compared. Both diseases are similar in that they affect mainly the respiratory tract and cause inflammation and necrosis centred on the pulmonary alveoli and bronchioles. Important differences are the presence of multinucleated giant cells and intra-alveolar fibrosis in SARS and more fulminant necrotizing and haemorrhagic pneumonia in H5N1 influenza. Secondly, the pathology and pathogenesis of SARS and influenza between human beings and experimental animals is compared. Host species, host age, route of inoculation, location of sampling and timing of sampling are important to design an animal model that most closely mimicshuman disease. The design of appropriate animal models requires an accurate pathological description of human cases, as well as a good understanding of the effect of experimental variables on disease outcome.
Keywords: animal model; SARS coronavirus; influenza; respiratory disease
Copyright ? 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Note to users: Accepted manuscripts are Articles in Press that have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of this journal. They have not yet been copy edited and/or formatted in the journal house style, and may not yet have the full ScienceDirect functionality, e.g., supplementary files may still need to be added, links to references may not resolve yet etc. The text could still change before final publication.
Although accepted manuscripts do not have all bibliographic details available yet, they can already be cited using the year of online publication and the DOI, as follows: author(s), article title, journal (year), DOI. Please consult the journal's reference style for the exact appearance of these elements, abbreviation of journal names and use of punctuation.
When the final article is assigned to an issue of the journal, the Article in Press version will be removed and the final version will appear in the associated published issue of the journal. The date the article was first made available online will be carried over.
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Journal of Comparative Pathology, Available online 15 January 2014 - In Press, Accepted Manuscript.
The Pathology and Pathogenesis of Experimental SARS and Influenza in Animal Models
J.M.A. van den Brand, B.L. Haagmans, D. van Riel, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, T. Kuiken
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
DOI: j.jcpa.2014.01.004
Received 26 September 2013 - Revised 4 November 2013 - Accepted 6 January 2014 - Available online 15 January 2014 - Open Access
Summary
Respiratory viruses that emerge in the human population may cause high morbidity and mortality, as well as concern about pandemic spread. Examples are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and novel variants of influenza A virus, such as H5N1 and pandemic H1N1. Different animal models are used to develop therapeutic and preventive measures against such viruses, but it is not clear which are most suitable. Therefore, this review compares animal models of SARS and influenza, with an emphasis on non-human primates, ferrets and cats. Firstly, the pathology and pathogenesis between SARS and influenza is compared. Both diseases are similar in that they affect mainly the respiratory tract and cause inflammation and necrosis centred on the pulmonary alveoli and bronchioles. Important differences are the presence of multinucleated giant cells and intra-alveolar fibrosis in SARS and more fulminant necrotizing and haemorrhagic pneumonia in H5N1 influenza. Secondly, the pathology and pathogenesis of SARS and influenza between human beings and experimental animals is compared. Host species, host age, route of inoculation, location of sampling and timing of sampling are important to design an animal model that most closely mimicshuman disease. The design of appropriate animal models requires an accurate pathological description of human cases, as well as a good understanding of the effect of experimental variables on disease outcome.
Keywords: animal model; SARS coronavirus; influenza; respiratory disease
Copyright ? 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Note to users: Accepted manuscripts are Articles in Press that have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of this journal. They have not yet been copy edited and/or formatted in the journal house style, and may not yet have the full ScienceDirect functionality, e.g., supplementary files may still need to be added, links to references may not resolve yet etc. The text could still change before final publication.
Although accepted manuscripts do not have all bibliographic details available yet, they can already be cited using the year of online publication and the DOI, as follows: author(s), article title, journal (year), DOI. Please consult the journal's reference style for the exact appearance of these elements, abbreviation of journal names and use of punctuation.
When the final article is assigned to an issue of the journal, the Article in Press version will be removed and the final version will appear in the associated published issue of the journal. The date the article was first made available online will be carried over.
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