tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
iScience
. 2026 Apr 16;29(5):115743.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115743. eCollection 2026 May 15.
Multiplex serological profiling reveals diverse avian and mammalian influenza A virus exposure in swine
Foong Ying Wong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Peter Cronin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rong Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arata Hidano[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jurre Y Siegers[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Dolyce H W Low[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hannah Holt[SUP] 2 [/SUP], William Leung[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dina Koeut[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Bunnary Seng[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sovanncheypo Chao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ty Chhay[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sothrya Tum[SUP] 4 [/SUP], San Sorn[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Monidarin Chou[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kimrong Bun[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Phalla Y[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Leangyi Heng[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marcus G Mah[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giselle G K Ng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiayi Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Heidi Auerswald[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Michael A Zeller[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Richard J Webby[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Erik A Karlsson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], James W Rudge[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Gavin J D Smith[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yvonne C F Su[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Animal-origin influenza viruses pose significant pandemic threats, with swine serving as key hosts. Serological surveillance in pigs remains limited in regions with intense human-animal-avian contact. Between March 2020 and July 2022, we collected 4,069 pig serum samples in Cambodia, of which 1,321 (32.5%) were influenza A virus (IAV) seropositive by ELISA. We developed a multiplex microsphere immunoassay comprising a broad panel of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Seroprevalence was highest for pandemic H1N1/pdm09 (35.3-45.7%) and lower for classical swine H1 (16.4-17.7%) and European avian-like swine H1 (∼15%) lineages. Lineage-specific or shared exposures to multiple lineages were observed, indicating complex infection histories. H3 responses varied by clade, while antibodies to avian H5, H7, and H9 were detected in <8% of IAV-positive sera. These findings underscore the ongoing zoonotic risk posed by diverse IAVs circulating in pigs and highlight the need for integrated serological and genomic surveillance.
Keywords: Microbiology; Virology.
. 2026 Apr 16;29(5):115743.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115743. eCollection 2026 May 15.
Multiplex serological profiling reveals diverse avian and mammalian influenza A virus exposure in swine
Foong Ying Wong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Peter Cronin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rong Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arata Hidano[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jurre Y Siegers[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Dolyce H W Low[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hannah Holt[SUP] 2 [/SUP], William Leung[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dina Koeut[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Bunnary Seng[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sovanncheypo Chao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ty Chhay[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sothrya Tum[SUP] 4 [/SUP], San Sorn[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Monidarin Chou[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kimrong Bun[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Phalla Y[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Leangyi Heng[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marcus G Mah[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giselle G K Ng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiayi Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Heidi Auerswald[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Michael A Zeller[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Richard J Webby[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Erik A Karlsson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], James W Rudge[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Gavin J D Smith[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yvonne C F Su[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 42111207
- PMCID: PMC13157098
- DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115743
Animal-origin influenza viruses pose significant pandemic threats, with swine serving as key hosts. Serological surveillance in pigs remains limited in regions with intense human-animal-avian contact. Between March 2020 and July 2022, we collected 4,069 pig serum samples in Cambodia, of which 1,321 (32.5%) were influenza A virus (IAV) seropositive by ELISA. We developed a multiplex microsphere immunoassay comprising a broad panel of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Seroprevalence was highest for pandemic H1N1/pdm09 (35.3-45.7%) and lower for classical swine H1 (16.4-17.7%) and European avian-like swine H1 (∼15%) lineages. Lineage-specific or shared exposures to multiple lineages were observed, indicating complex infection histories. H3 responses varied by clade, while antibodies to avian H5, H7, and H9 were detected in <8% of IAV-positive sera. These findings underscore the ongoing zoonotic risk posed by diverse IAVs circulating in pigs and highlight the need for integrated serological and genomic surveillance.
Keywords: Microbiology; Virology.