tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Clin Pract
. 2021 Jul 29;e14675.
doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14675. Online ahead of print.
The Role of Vitamin D in the Age of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Roya Ghasemian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amir Shamshirian[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Keyvan Heydari[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Mohammad Malekan[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Reza Alizadeh-Navaei[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Hamed Jafarpour[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sajad Razavi Bazaz[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Arash Rezaei Shahmirzadi[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Mehrdad Khodabandeh[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Benyamin Seyfari[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Alireza Motamedzadeh[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Ehsan Dadgostar[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Marzieh Aalinezhad[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Meghdad Sedaghat[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Nazanin Razzaghi[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Bahman Zarandi[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Anahita Asadi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Vahid Yaghoubi Naei[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Reza Beheshti[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Amirhossein Hessami[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Soheil Azizi[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Ali Reza Mohseni[SUP] 17 18 [/SUP], Danial Shamshirian[SUP] 19 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Evidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximize the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19.
Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to December 18, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review.
Results: Twenty-three studies containing 11901participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 41% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-55%), and in 42% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 24%-63%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 20.3 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 12.1-19.8). The odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 is 3.3 times higher among individuals with vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). The chance of developing severe COVID-19 is about five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.3). There is no significant association between vitamin D status and higher mortality rates (OR: 1.6, 95% CI, 0.5-4.4).
Conclusion: This study found that most of the COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Also, there is about three times higher chance of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 among vitamin D deficient individuals and about 5 times higher probability of developing the severe disease in vitamin D deficient patients. Vitamin D deficiency showed no significant association with mortality rates in this population.
Keywords: 2019-nCoV; 25(OH)D; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Coronavirus Outbreaks; Pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D.
. 2021 Jul 29;e14675.
doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14675. Online ahead of print.
The Role of Vitamin D in the Age of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Roya Ghasemian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amir Shamshirian[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Keyvan Heydari[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Mohammad Malekan[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Reza Alizadeh-Navaei[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Hamed Jafarpour[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sajad Razavi Bazaz[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Arash Rezaei Shahmirzadi[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Mehrdad Khodabandeh[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Benyamin Seyfari[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Alireza Motamedzadeh[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Ehsan Dadgostar[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Marzieh Aalinezhad[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Meghdad Sedaghat[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Nazanin Razzaghi[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Bahman Zarandi[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Anahita Asadi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Vahid Yaghoubi Naei[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Reza Beheshti[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Amirhossein Hessami[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Soheil Azizi[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Ali Reza Mohseni[SUP] 17 18 [/SUP], Danial Shamshirian[SUP] 19 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34322971
- DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14675
Abstract
Background: Evidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximize the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19.
Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to December 18, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review.
Results: Twenty-three studies containing 11901participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 41% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-55%), and in 42% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 24%-63%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 20.3 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 12.1-19.8). The odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 is 3.3 times higher among individuals with vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). The chance of developing severe COVID-19 is about five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.3). There is no significant association between vitamin D status and higher mortality rates (OR: 1.6, 95% CI, 0.5-4.4).
Conclusion: This study found that most of the COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Also, there is about three times higher chance of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 among vitamin D deficient individuals and about 5 times higher probability of developing the severe disease in vitamin D deficient patients. Vitamin D deficiency showed no significant association with mortality rates in this population.
Keywords: 2019-nCoV; 25(OH)D; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Coronavirus Outbreaks; Pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D.