tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Biol Sci
. 2022 Jan 1;18(2):459-472.
doi: 10.7150/ijbs.59272. eCollection 2022.
Cytokine storm in COVID-19: from viral infection to immune responses, diagnosis and therapy
Yizhou Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Limor Rubin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tangming Peng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Linlin Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xingan Xing[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Philip Lazarovici[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wenhua Zheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak is emerging as a significant public health challenge. Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as cytokine storm, is a severe clinical syndrome known to develop as a complication of infectious or inflammatory diseases. Clinical evidence suggests that the occurrence of cytokine storm in severe acute respiratory syndrome secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is closely associated with the rapid deterioration and high mortality of severe cases. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the subsequent immunological events related to excessive cytokine production and inflammatory responses associated with ACE2-AngII signaling. An overview of the diagnosis and an update on current therapeutic regimens and vaccinations is also provided.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; cytokines; diagnosis; immune response; therapy; vaccination.
. 2022 Jan 1;18(2):459-472.
doi: 10.7150/ijbs.59272. eCollection 2022.
Cytokine storm in COVID-19: from viral infection to immune responses, diagnosis and therapy
Yizhou Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Limor Rubin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tangming Peng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Linlin Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xingan Xing[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Philip Lazarovici[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wenhua Zheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35002503
- PMCID: PMC8741849
- DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59272
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak is emerging as a significant public health challenge. Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as cytokine storm, is a severe clinical syndrome known to develop as a complication of infectious or inflammatory diseases. Clinical evidence suggests that the occurrence of cytokine storm in severe acute respiratory syndrome secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is closely associated with the rapid deterioration and high mortality of severe cases. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the subsequent immunological events related to excessive cytokine production and inflammatory responses associated with ACE2-AngII signaling. An overview of the diagnosis and an update on current therapeutic regimens and vaccinations is also provided.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; cytokines; diagnosis; immune response; therapy; vaccination.