tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
. 2025 May;19(5):e70118.
doi: 10.1111/irv.70118. Evaluating Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid as an Adjuvant for Influenza Vaccines in Mice
Sijing Yan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fan Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jia Ji[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xiantian Lin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ping Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Han Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Linfang Cheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fumin Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nanping Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hangping Yao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Wade S J Wu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Haibo Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: To enhance influenza vaccine efficacy, it is essential to investigate new adjuvants that are both safe and effective. In a recent study utilizing a mouse model, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN) emerged as a promising candidate vaccine adjuvant.
Methods: This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of BCG-PSN on influenza vaccines hemagglutinin antigen and aluminum adjuvant as controls. Mice were immunized with H1N1 antigen and adjuvants, and serum antibody levels were measured using hemagglutination inhibition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and microneutralization assays. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunospot assays assessed T cell phenotypes and cytokine expression. The protective effects were tested through challenge experiments, and the adjuvants were further evaluated in a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine.
Results: BCG-PSN adjuvant exhibited favorable safety profiles and demonstrated an ability to elevate total antibody titers, particularly enhancing neutralizing antibody production when co-administered with the H1N1 antigen. BCG-PSN increased cytokine levels and the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, indicating its capacity to enhance cellular immunity. Upon viral challenge in mice, BCG-PSN mitigated the production of inflammatory factors and reduced lung pathology, effectively protecting the mice. Furthermore, BCG-PSN displayed heightened immunogenicity against a mixture of four antigens.
Conclusions: BCG-PSN is a reliable and efficient adjuvant for influenza vaccines, holding promise for enhancing vaccine efficacy and increasing immune responses.
Keywords: BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid; adjuvant; cellular immunity; humoral immunity; influenza vaccine.
. 2025 May;19(5):e70118.
doi: 10.1111/irv.70118. Evaluating Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid as an Adjuvant for Influenza Vaccines in Mice
Sijing Yan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fan Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jia Ji[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xiantian Lin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ping Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Han Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Linfang Cheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fumin Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nanping Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hangping Yao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Wade S J Wu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Haibo Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40338109
- PMCID: PMC12058303
- DOI: 10.1111/irv.70118
Background: To enhance influenza vaccine efficacy, it is essential to investigate new adjuvants that are both safe and effective. In a recent study utilizing a mouse model, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN) emerged as a promising candidate vaccine adjuvant.
Methods: This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of BCG-PSN on influenza vaccines hemagglutinin antigen and aluminum adjuvant as controls. Mice were immunized with H1N1 antigen and adjuvants, and serum antibody levels were measured using hemagglutination inhibition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and microneutralization assays. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunospot assays assessed T cell phenotypes and cytokine expression. The protective effects were tested through challenge experiments, and the adjuvants were further evaluated in a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine.
Results: BCG-PSN adjuvant exhibited favorable safety profiles and demonstrated an ability to elevate total antibody titers, particularly enhancing neutralizing antibody production when co-administered with the H1N1 antigen. BCG-PSN increased cytokine levels and the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, indicating its capacity to enhance cellular immunity. Upon viral challenge in mice, BCG-PSN mitigated the production of inflammatory factors and reduced lung pathology, effectively protecting the mice. Furthermore, BCG-PSN displayed heightened immunogenicity against a mixture of four antigens.
Conclusions: BCG-PSN is a reliable and efficient adjuvant for influenza vaccines, holding promise for enhancing vaccine efficacy and increasing immune responses.
Keywords: BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid; adjuvant; cellular immunity; humoral immunity; influenza vaccine.