tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Hypertens Res
. 2022 Dec 27.
doi: 10.1038/s41440-022-01145-2. Online ahead of print.
Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19
Chisa Matsumoto[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shigeru Shibata[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Takuya Kishi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Satoshi Morimoto[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Masaki Mogi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Koichi Yamamoto[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kazuo Kobayashi[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Masami Tanaka[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Kei Asayama[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Eiichiro Yamamoto[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Hironori Nakagami[SUP] 12 13 [/SUP], Satoshi Hoshide[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Masashi Mukoyama[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Kazuomi Kario[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Koichi Node[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Hiromi Rakugi[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects infected patients even after the acute phase and impairs their health and quality of life by causing a wide variety of symptoms, referred to as long COVID. Although the evidence is still insufficient, hypertension is suspected to be a potential risk factor for long COVID, and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases seems to be a key facet of multiple conditions observed in long COVID. Nonetheless, there are few reports that comprehensively review the impacts of long COVID on hypertension and related disorders. As a sequel to our previous report in 2020 which reviewed the association of COVID-19 and hypertension, we summarize the possible influences of long COVID on hypertension-related organs, including the cardiovascular system, kidney, and endocrine system, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the disorders in this review. Given that the clinical course of COVID-19 is highly affected by age and sex, we also review the impacts of these factors on long COVID. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future directions, which may lead to better understanding and improved prognosis of clinical problems associated with COVID-19.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Endocrine; Frailty; Hypertension; Kidney; Long COVID; Sex difference.
. 2022 Dec 27.
doi: 10.1038/s41440-022-01145-2. Online ahead of print.
Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19
Chisa Matsumoto[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shigeru Shibata[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Takuya Kishi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Satoshi Morimoto[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Masaki Mogi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Koichi Yamamoto[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kazuo Kobayashi[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Masami Tanaka[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Kei Asayama[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Eiichiro Yamamoto[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Hironori Nakagami[SUP] 12 13 [/SUP], Satoshi Hoshide[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Masashi Mukoyama[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Kazuomi Kario[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Koichi Node[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Hiromi Rakugi[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36575228
- DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01145-2
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects infected patients even after the acute phase and impairs their health and quality of life by causing a wide variety of symptoms, referred to as long COVID. Although the evidence is still insufficient, hypertension is suspected to be a potential risk factor for long COVID, and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases seems to be a key facet of multiple conditions observed in long COVID. Nonetheless, there are few reports that comprehensively review the impacts of long COVID on hypertension and related disorders. As a sequel to our previous report in 2020 which reviewed the association of COVID-19 and hypertension, we summarize the possible influences of long COVID on hypertension-related organs, including the cardiovascular system, kidney, and endocrine system, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the disorders in this review. Given that the clinical course of COVID-19 is highly affected by age and sex, we also review the impacts of these factors on long COVID. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future directions, which may lead to better understanding and improved prognosis of clinical problems associated with COVID-19.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Endocrine; Frailty; Hypertension; Kidney; Long COVID; Sex difference.