tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
First published November 2011, doi: 10.1128/JVI.06348-11 JVI.06348-11
Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells support productive replication of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses: possible involvement in the pathogenesis of human H5N1 virus infection.
Hui Zeng1,
Claudia Pappas1,
Jessica A. Belser1,
Katherine V. Houser1,
Weiming Zhong1,
Debra A. Wadford1,
Troy Stevens3,4,
Ron Balczon2,4,
Jacqueline M. Katz1 and
Terrence M. Tumpey1,*
+ Author Affiliations
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA
2 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience
3Department of Pharmacology
4Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
ABSTRACT
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses continue to cause sporadic human infections with a high fatality rate. Respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complication among hospitalized patients. Since progressive pulmonary endothelial damage is the hallmark of ARDS, we investigated host responses following HPAI virus infection of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Evaluation of these cells for the presence of receptors preferred by influenza virus demonstrated that avian-like (α2-3 linked) receptors were more abundant than human-like (α2-6 linked) receptors. To test the permissiveness of pulmonary endothelial cells to virus infection, we compared the replication of selected seasonal, pandemic (2009 H1N1 and 1918), and potentially pandemic (H5N1) influenza strains. We observed that these cells only support productive replication of HPAI H5N1 viruses which preferentially enter through and are released from the apical surface of polarized human endothelial monolayers. Furthermore, A/Thailand/16/2004 and A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VN/1203) H5N1 viruses, which exhibit heightened virulence in mammalian models, replicated to higher titers than less virulent H5N1 strains. VN/1203 infection caused a significant decrease in endothelial cell proliferation compared to other subtype viruses. VN/1203 virus was also found to be a potent inducer of cytokines and adhesion molecules known to regulate inflammation during acute lung injury. Deletion of the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) multi-basic cleavage site did not impact virus infectivity but resulted in decreased virus replication in endothelial cells. Our results highlight remarkable tropism and infectivity of the H5N1 viruses for human pulmonary endothelial cells resulting in the potent induction of host inflammatory responses.
http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2011/11/04/JVI.06348-11.short?rss=1
Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells support productive replication of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses: possible involvement in the pathogenesis of human H5N1 virus infection.
Hui Zeng1,
Claudia Pappas1,
Jessica A. Belser1,
Katherine V. Houser1,
Weiming Zhong1,
Debra A. Wadford1,
Troy Stevens3,4,
Ron Balczon2,4,
Jacqueline M. Katz1 and
Terrence M. Tumpey1,*
+ Author Affiliations
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA
2 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience
3Department of Pharmacology
4Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
ABSTRACT
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses continue to cause sporadic human infections with a high fatality rate. Respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complication among hospitalized patients. Since progressive pulmonary endothelial damage is the hallmark of ARDS, we investigated host responses following HPAI virus infection of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Evaluation of these cells for the presence of receptors preferred by influenza virus demonstrated that avian-like (α2-3 linked) receptors were more abundant than human-like (α2-6 linked) receptors. To test the permissiveness of pulmonary endothelial cells to virus infection, we compared the replication of selected seasonal, pandemic (2009 H1N1 and 1918), and potentially pandemic (H5N1) influenza strains. We observed that these cells only support productive replication of HPAI H5N1 viruses which preferentially enter through and are released from the apical surface of polarized human endothelial monolayers. Furthermore, A/Thailand/16/2004 and A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VN/1203) H5N1 viruses, which exhibit heightened virulence in mammalian models, replicated to higher titers than less virulent H5N1 strains. VN/1203 infection caused a significant decrease in endothelial cell proliferation compared to other subtype viruses. VN/1203 virus was also found to be a potent inducer of cytokines and adhesion molecules known to regulate inflammation during acute lung injury. Deletion of the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) multi-basic cleavage site did not impact virus infectivity but resulted in decreased virus replication in endothelial cells. Our results highlight remarkable tropism and infectivity of the H5N1 viruses for human pulmonary endothelial cells resulting in the potent induction of host inflammatory responses.
http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2011/11/04/JVI.06348-11.short?rss=1