tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Hum Vaccin Immunother
. 2025 Dec;21(1):2551930.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2551930. Epub 2025 Aug 26. Association between depression and three key COVID-19-related outcomes: The SHARE study
Yumeng Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chunxiao Duan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tongtong Miao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Qian Shen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jia Yu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Suwen Shen[SUP] 3 5 [/SUP], Yujun Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuan Shen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kaixin Zhang[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
This study investigated the potential associations between preexisting depression and COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and long COVID among middle-aged and older Europeans, based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A total of 31,115 participants were included to assess the relationship between depression and COVID-19 vaccination 11,146 to evaluate depression-related SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and 11,142 to study the impact of depression on the occurrence of long COVID. Multivariable logistic model was performed and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Compared to non-depressed individuals, those with depression were 0.72 times less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (95% CI: 0.67-0.77), had a 1.15 times higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (95% CI: 1.02-1.30), and were 1.21 times more likely to develop long COVID (95% CI: 1.05-1.38), with these associations strengthening as the severity of depression increased. Preexisting depression might be linked to reduced COVID-19 vaccination odds and an elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID, although further high-quality prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the findings.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination; Depression; SARS-CoV-2 infection; epidemiological research; long COVID; survey of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe.
. 2025 Dec;21(1):2551930.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2551930. Epub 2025 Aug 26. Association between depression and three key COVID-19-related outcomes: The SHARE study
Yumeng Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chunxiao Duan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tongtong Miao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Qian Shen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jia Yu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Suwen Shen[SUP] 3 5 [/SUP], Yujun Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuan Shen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kaixin Zhang[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40859683
- PMCID: PMC12392796
- DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2551930
This study investigated the potential associations between preexisting depression and COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and long COVID among middle-aged and older Europeans, based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A total of 31,115 participants were included to assess the relationship between depression and COVID-19 vaccination 11,146 to evaluate depression-related SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and 11,142 to study the impact of depression on the occurrence of long COVID. Multivariable logistic model was performed and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Compared to non-depressed individuals, those with depression were 0.72 times less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (95% CI: 0.67-0.77), had a 1.15 times higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (95% CI: 1.02-1.30), and were 1.21 times more likely to develop long COVID (95% CI: 1.05-1.38), with these associations strengthening as the severity of depression increased. Preexisting depression might be linked to reduced COVID-19 vaccination odds and an elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID, although further high-quality prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the findings.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination; Depression; SARS-CoV-2 infection; epidemiological research; long COVID; survey of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe.