Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: Ifeng, full page in Chinese (with graphic): (LINK). Automatic translation.]
H7N9: Next stop, the droplets?
At 3:23 on July 31, 2013 Source: Southern Metropolis Daily
Original title: H7N9: Next stop, the droplets?
(?)
Southern Reporter Wu Shan
July 20, he was removed Langfang two hospitals undiagnosed Ms. Zhang, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, was diagnosed in human H7N9 avian influenza infection, the current 61-year-old patient has not yet out of danger. And in this case anomalous H7N9 cases of the disease have been diagnosed in summer next day, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, in its official website announced a new study: leading Chinese influenza veterinary research, Chen Hua-lan research team found, H 7N 9 virus invades the human mutation may spread through droplets efficient for H 7N 9 virus prevention and control is still not taken lightly, there is a risk of human pandemic.
On July 4 of the "Nature" magazine, China CDC Shu Yuelong research team published an article, saying that a large number of biological characteristics indicate, H 7N 9 avian influenza virus to humans remains a major threat to the H 7N 9 continued close monitoring and research in order to allow humans have to resist this new recombinant viruses. Shu Yuelong said in an interview, "this fall, H 7N 9 avian flu virus will be back."
Of public concern "H 7N 9 Can human transmission," "and the highly pathogenic similarities and differences between the H 5N 1", "will come back this fall" and other scientists are studying the cutting-edge issues, the Southern reporter access to information at the same time consulting Related research team, trying to find the answers.
"Person to person" possibilities
July 21, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, in its official website announced the aging orchid research team on "H 7N 9 virus may be spread by droplets and efficient, there is risk of human pandemic," the latest discoveries.
Research team used ferrets tested two separate avian body H 7N 9 viruses and three human H 7N 9 isolated virus transmission ability of the respiratory droplets Discover the test, in which an avian virus body and all three isolated human isolated virus in ferrets can be spread by respiratory droplets, and a separation of human transmission of the virus for maximum efficiency. "Describes the body's H 7N 9 virus through droplets spread efficiently in ferrets."
Chen Hua-lan is specialized in domestic bird flu research experts, the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory, OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory. She led the study group began in March this year from Shanghai, Anhui, collection and testing of more than ten thousand from samples of poultry markets and farms on bird flu virus re-allocation mechanism and dissemination of research results in the possibility of May , June, July have been published in the U.S. "Science" magazine.
May 2, published online in "Science" magazine article put forward, "H 5N 1 virus may indeed human influenza viruses through reassortment, get in mammals the ability to spread efficiently between the air, which have caused great human epidemic potential. "in January 2010 to December 2011 carried out between this controversial study, they will H 5N 1 gene fragment in those from H 1N 1 swine influenza virus gene fragments were exchanged , creating a 127 reorganization or hybrid virus to infect guinea pigs and found that, instead of a single gene is enough to make the virus jumped from infected guinea pigs infected with neighboring healthy guinea pig cage. And for 21 kinds of reassortant virus transmission capacity assessment found that there are eight kinds of viruses can spread through the air, including four kinds of access to high airborne capability.
Historically, the avian influenza virus through the intermediate host vivo mammalian gene reassortant influenza viruses, resulting in a number of global influenza pandemic, including the 1957 influenza H2N2, 1968 H3N2 flu. 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic virus is avian, swine and human influenza viruses triple reassortment product.
Chen Hua-lan team followed on H 7N 9 virus were resolved in more than 10,000 poultry markets from all over China, poultry farms, habitat and slaughter of wild birds samples collected dozens recognized virus strain H 7N 9 the previous H 7N 9 virus research track and analyze. Earlier, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Hong Kong University School of Public Health, etc. The researchers used a lethal H 7N 9 major human influenza virus infection Mammalian Models --- ferrets, resolved H 7N 9 contagious, transmissibility and pathogenicity, indicating that if the virus once a person to person's ability, perhaps unable to prevent its large-scale spread.
Professor Guan Yi University of Hong Kong and the Chinese Center for Disease Control Shu Yuelong researchers led research team, May 23 is also published in the U.S. "Science" magazine, said the researchers compared the isolation of infected and control ferrets, found that "the virus spread through direct contact with an effective, but not an effective dissemination of airborne way. "
So aging blue team "H 7N 9 virus invades the human mutation may spread through droplets efficient", whether Guan Yi, Shu Yuelong research team update it?
Professor Guan Yi explained that, "Chen Hua-lan team collected more viruses, research findings and our sounds slightly different, but the analysis does not contradict it." What do you mean direct contact?
"Ferrets locked up in a cage, body contact is frequent, we can say there is no distance." Guan said. The "spread droplets are sneezing and other particles of one of the three, is close airborne." On Guan's statement, Southern reporter contacted been unable to get multi-aging blue team confirmed.
For human transmission has not yet appeared H 7N 9 cases, Guan Yi that "experiments coupled with clinical observations, we maintain our original understanding, H 7N 9 virus human to human transmission capability, but interpersonal communication is very limited, is still unable to efficiently airborne. "
"H 7N 9 virus infection in mammals is to fit the direction of development, which makes the virus more susceptible to the people." Earlier on April 25, Zhejiang University, Tsinghua University, Hong Kong University and the National Center for Disease Control of a team of experts The study results also boarded the world's leading medical journal "Lancet", led by the State Planning Commission David H 7N 9 people infected with bird flu prevention and control expert group Li Lanjuan Academy of Sciences.
"Viral genes, such as a spiral staircase, each step if stable, infectious is not obvious, but now found three 'steps' position has changed, if then there is a' step 'shift, it will destroy' Stairs' stability, then the virus will lead to 'person to person' it. "Li Lanjuan said in an interview.
"In the past the H 5N 1 and other pandemic influenza virus, this locus mutation did not happen." She further explained that "the last step" shift possibility, "however, does not mean that in the future is not in H 7N 9 may need to pay close attention. "
"Double-dealing" H 7N 9
This spring viciously attacking H 7N 9, although the route of infection and in H 5N 1 are the same as from poultry, but one thing is completely different H 5N 1 对 birds right person can bring fatal injuries, while the H 7N 9 was not popular among the poultry disease, only harm humans. "This is the most confusing and worrying doubts, but also H 7N 9 the dark side."
July 3, China CDC deputy director of the virus, the National Influenza Center, World Health Organization Influenza Reference co-director of the Center and research Shu Yuelong said in an interview.
"When H 5N 1 hits, people can more clearly see where it is; while H 7N 9 is not popular among the poultry disease, it is difficult to ascertain its whereabouts." He said, "It's like a 'black box 'how to open this' black box', agriculture and health sectors need to work together to find the 'key'. "
"Our study also found that, H 7N 9 with avian influenza viruses is a 'two sides' of the virus, both like the seasonal flu virus, easy and human upper respiratory tract, such as tracheal cells combined; another highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H 5N 1 feature, people can go to the lower respiratory tract and lung cells with receptors, so the ratio of H 5N 1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus more easily infect humans. "said Shu Yuelong, "But H 7N 9 in the human ability to replicate the lower trachea, much lower than the ability to replicate in the lungs, which causes the virus still can not efficiently from person to person."
June 24, "Lancet" magazine also published online by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and two scientists from the University of Hong Kong in collaboration of the latest research papers, called "H 7N 9 avian flu is much lower than the risk of death in patients with human infection H 5N an avian flu, but higher than the seasonal flu and influenza A H 1N 1 flu. "
Statistics show that China this spring epidemic outbreaks H 7N 9, due to severe flu-like symptoms and mortality in hospitalized patients by 36%.
This is lower than the 2003 outbreak of avian influenza H 5N 1 to about 60% mortality, but higher than the 2009 to 2010 outbreak of a new influenza type H 1N 1 21%. "H 7N 9 avian influenza virus infections there are some mild and asymptomatic infections. Public H 7N 9 avian flu without panic." Paper said.
The article also suggested that "in urban areas, H 7N 9 and H 5N 1 male patients were significantly more than females; in rural areas, H 7N 9 cases of male and female 1.6 times, while the H 5N 1 Case 2 times women as men ; H 7N 9 cases, more than half of people aged 60 and older, but H 5N 1 case mainly young ...... "
"The current H 7N 9 and H 5N 1 in the end is unclear how many people infected with the disease of reproductive capacity, infringing site, the body immune system, primary impact of the disease and so are still studying." Participated in the study Professor Guan said.
Winter comeback?
July 4, the new issue of "Nature" magazine published scientific research team, Professor Shu Yuelong article, said a large number of biological characteristics indicate, H 7N 9 avian influenza virus to humans remains a major threat to the H 7N 9 continued close monitoring and research in order to allow humans have to resist this new recombinant viruses. Shu Yuelong published reports in the day said in an interview, "this fall, H 7N 9 avian flu virus will be back."
June 24, Beijing and Hong Kong research team in the "Lancet" published report also warned that "if H 7N 9 models and N 5N 1 similar, H 7N 9 possible comeback in the fall." They do not think of the summer on July 20, Beijing went so far as to add a case of H 7N 9 confirmed cases.
"From the experience of the past ten years, the cool autumn after the flu virus will survive longer, live birds have begun to increase." Guan said, "From the law of the avian flu from September to October appeared to January During the Spring Festival is the peak, starts to decrease from the end of February to the end of April disappeared ,6-August to stop, and so on. "
Chen Hua-lan believes that "if H 7N 9 really only exists in the poultry market, it will be a blessing." She suggested, permanently shut live poultry market.
"Capture" H 7N 9
Chen Hua-lan team: H7N 9 virus invades the human mutation may spread through droplets efficient, there is the risk of human pandemic.
Guan Yi, Shu Yuelong team: H 7N 9 virus human to human transmission capability, but interpersonal communication is very limited.
Academician Li Lanjuan: viral genes, such as a spiral staircase. Currently three "step" position has changed when there are a "step" shift, it will lead to "person to person."
H 7N 9 is not popular among the poultry disease, it is difficult to find out the whereabouts of it, just like a "black box."
H 7N 9 both as seasonal flu viruses, easy and human cells in the upper respiratory tract such as the trachea combined; also equipped with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H 5N 1 feature, people can go to the lower respiratory tract, and with lung cell receptor binding, so the ratio of H 5N 1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus more easily infect humans. But H 7N 9 in the human trachea ability to replicate much lower than the ability to replicate in the lungs, which causes the virus still can not efficiently from person to person.
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------
H7N9: Next stop, the droplets?
At 3:23 on July 31, 2013 Source: Southern Metropolis Daily
Original title: H7N9: Next stop, the droplets?
(?)
Southern Reporter Wu Shan
July 20, he was removed Langfang two hospitals undiagnosed Ms. Zhang, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, was diagnosed in human H7N9 avian influenza infection, the current 61-year-old patient has not yet out of danger. And in this case anomalous H7N9 cases of the disease have been diagnosed in summer next day, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, in its official website announced a new study: leading Chinese influenza veterinary research, Chen Hua-lan research team found, H 7N 9 virus invades the human mutation may spread through droplets efficient for H 7N 9 virus prevention and control is still not taken lightly, there is a risk of human pandemic.
On July 4 of the "Nature" magazine, China CDC Shu Yuelong research team published an article, saying that a large number of biological characteristics indicate, H 7N 9 avian influenza virus to humans remains a major threat to the H 7N 9 continued close monitoring and research in order to allow humans have to resist this new recombinant viruses. Shu Yuelong said in an interview, "this fall, H 7N 9 avian flu virus will be back."
Of public concern "H 7N 9 Can human transmission," "and the highly pathogenic similarities and differences between the H 5N 1", "will come back this fall" and other scientists are studying the cutting-edge issues, the Southern reporter access to information at the same time consulting Related research team, trying to find the answers.
"Person to person" possibilities
July 21, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, in its official website announced the aging orchid research team on "H 7N 9 virus may be spread by droplets and efficient, there is risk of human pandemic," the latest discoveries.
Research team used ferrets tested two separate avian body H 7N 9 viruses and three human H 7N 9 isolated virus transmission ability of the respiratory droplets Discover the test, in which an avian virus body and all three isolated human isolated virus in ferrets can be spread by respiratory droplets, and a separation of human transmission of the virus for maximum efficiency. "Describes the body's H 7N 9 virus through droplets spread efficiently in ferrets."
Chen Hua-lan is specialized in domestic bird flu research experts, the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory, OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory. She led the study group began in March this year from Shanghai, Anhui, collection and testing of more than ten thousand from samples of poultry markets and farms on bird flu virus re-allocation mechanism and dissemination of research results in the possibility of May , June, July have been published in the U.S. "Science" magazine.
May 2, published online in "Science" magazine article put forward, "H 5N 1 virus may indeed human influenza viruses through reassortment, get in mammals the ability to spread efficiently between the air, which have caused great human epidemic potential. "in January 2010 to December 2011 carried out between this controversial study, they will H 5N 1 gene fragment in those from H 1N 1 swine influenza virus gene fragments were exchanged , creating a 127 reorganization or hybrid virus to infect guinea pigs and found that, instead of a single gene is enough to make the virus jumped from infected guinea pigs infected with neighboring healthy guinea pig cage. And for 21 kinds of reassortant virus transmission capacity assessment found that there are eight kinds of viruses can spread through the air, including four kinds of access to high airborne capability.
Historically, the avian influenza virus through the intermediate host vivo mammalian gene reassortant influenza viruses, resulting in a number of global influenza pandemic, including the 1957 influenza H2N2, 1968 H3N2 flu. 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic virus is avian, swine and human influenza viruses triple reassortment product.
Chen Hua-lan team followed on H 7N 9 virus were resolved in more than 10,000 poultry markets from all over China, poultry farms, habitat and slaughter of wild birds samples collected dozens recognized virus strain H 7N 9 the previous H 7N 9 virus research track and analyze. Earlier, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Hong Kong University School of Public Health, etc. The researchers used a lethal H 7N 9 major human influenza virus infection Mammalian Models --- ferrets, resolved H 7N 9 contagious, transmissibility and pathogenicity, indicating that if the virus once a person to person's ability, perhaps unable to prevent its large-scale spread.
Professor Guan Yi University of Hong Kong and the Chinese Center for Disease Control Shu Yuelong researchers led research team, May 23 is also published in the U.S. "Science" magazine, said the researchers compared the isolation of infected and control ferrets, found that "the virus spread through direct contact with an effective, but not an effective dissemination of airborne way. "
So aging blue team "H 7N 9 virus invades the human mutation may spread through droplets efficient", whether Guan Yi, Shu Yuelong research team update it?
Professor Guan Yi explained that, "Chen Hua-lan team collected more viruses, research findings and our sounds slightly different, but the analysis does not contradict it." What do you mean direct contact?
"Ferrets locked up in a cage, body contact is frequent, we can say there is no distance." Guan said. The "spread droplets are sneezing and other particles of one of the three, is close airborne." On Guan's statement, Southern reporter contacted been unable to get multi-aging blue team confirmed.
For human transmission has not yet appeared H 7N 9 cases, Guan Yi that "experiments coupled with clinical observations, we maintain our original understanding, H 7N 9 virus human to human transmission capability, but interpersonal communication is very limited, is still unable to efficiently airborne. "
"H 7N 9 virus infection in mammals is to fit the direction of development, which makes the virus more susceptible to the people." Earlier on April 25, Zhejiang University, Tsinghua University, Hong Kong University and the National Center for Disease Control of a team of experts The study results also boarded the world's leading medical journal "Lancet", led by the State Planning Commission David H 7N 9 people infected with bird flu prevention and control expert group Li Lanjuan Academy of Sciences.
"Viral genes, such as a spiral staircase, each step if stable, infectious is not obvious, but now found three 'steps' position has changed, if then there is a' step 'shift, it will destroy' Stairs' stability, then the virus will lead to 'person to person' it. "Li Lanjuan said in an interview.
"In the past the H 5N 1 and other pandemic influenza virus, this locus mutation did not happen." She further explained that "the last step" shift possibility, "however, does not mean that in the future is not in H 7N 9 may need to pay close attention. "
"Double-dealing" H 7N 9
This spring viciously attacking H 7N 9, although the route of infection and in H 5N 1 are the same as from poultry, but one thing is completely different H 5N 1 对 birds right person can bring fatal injuries, while the H 7N 9 was not popular among the poultry disease, only harm humans. "This is the most confusing and worrying doubts, but also H 7N 9 the dark side."
July 3, China CDC deputy director of the virus, the National Influenza Center, World Health Organization Influenza Reference co-director of the Center and research Shu Yuelong said in an interview.
"When H 5N 1 hits, people can more clearly see where it is; while H 7N 9 is not popular among the poultry disease, it is difficult to ascertain its whereabouts." He said, "It's like a 'black box 'how to open this' black box', agriculture and health sectors need to work together to find the 'key'. "
"Our study also found that, H 7N 9 with avian influenza viruses is a 'two sides' of the virus, both like the seasonal flu virus, easy and human upper respiratory tract, such as tracheal cells combined; another highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H 5N 1 feature, people can go to the lower respiratory tract and lung cells with receptors, so the ratio of H 5N 1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus more easily infect humans. "said Shu Yuelong, "But H 7N 9 in the human ability to replicate the lower trachea, much lower than the ability to replicate in the lungs, which causes the virus still can not efficiently from person to person."
June 24, "Lancet" magazine also published online by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and two scientists from the University of Hong Kong in collaboration of the latest research papers, called "H 7N 9 avian flu is much lower than the risk of death in patients with human infection H 5N an avian flu, but higher than the seasonal flu and influenza A H 1N 1 flu. "
Statistics show that China this spring epidemic outbreaks H 7N 9, due to severe flu-like symptoms and mortality in hospitalized patients by 36%.
This is lower than the 2003 outbreak of avian influenza H 5N 1 to about 60% mortality, but higher than the 2009 to 2010 outbreak of a new influenza type H 1N 1 21%. "H 7N 9 avian influenza virus infections there are some mild and asymptomatic infections. Public H 7N 9 avian flu without panic." Paper said.
The article also suggested that "in urban areas, H 7N 9 and H 5N 1 male patients were significantly more than females; in rural areas, H 7N 9 cases of male and female 1.6 times, while the H 5N 1 Case 2 times women as men ; H 7N 9 cases, more than half of people aged 60 and older, but H 5N 1 case mainly young ...... "
"The current H 7N 9 and H 5N 1 in the end is unclear how many people infected with the disease of reproductive capacity, infringing site, the body immune system, primary impact of the disease and so are still studying." Participated in the study Professor Guan said.
Winter comeback?
July 4, the new issue of "Nature" magazine published scientific research team, Professor Shu Yuelong article, said a large number of biological characteristics indicate, H 7N 9 avian influenza virus to humans remains a major threat to the H 7N 9 continued close monitoring and research in order to allow humans have to resist this new recombinant viruses. Shu Yuelong published reports in the day said in an interview, "this fall, H 7N 9 avian flu virus will be back."
June 24, Beijing and Hong Kong research team in the "Lancet" published report also warned that "if H 7N 9 models and N 5N 1 similar, H 7N 9 possible comeback in the fall." They do not think of the summer on July 20, Beijing went so far as to add a case of H 7N 9 confirmed cases.
"From the experience of the past ten years, the cool autumn after the flu virus will survive longer, live birds have begun to increase." Guan said, "From the law of the avian flu from September to October appeared to January During the Spring Festival is the peak, starts to decrease from the end of February to the end of April disappeared ,6-August to stop, and so on. "
For the summer appears H 7N 9 cases, Guan Yi explained, "H 7N 9 as a new virus, its eight six internal genes, is worked in South and Central Asia by the outbreak of avian influenza virus H 9N 2 supply, while the H 9N 2 virus adaptation to temperature is supposed to be higher. "Langfang local disease control departments at the farmers market to find the H 7N 9 virus, it shows the virus from birds in the summer also did not disappear.
Media released a disturbing fact is that in Harbin, China and other laboratories have done thousands of tests, only one case of H 7N 9 is outside the market in poultry breeding pigeons in an artificial to find. "In the closed poultry markets, the new infections in May phased out, so that the Shanghai municipal government on June 20 boldly reopened some markets." Tennessee Children's Research Hospital, a virologist Robert Webster said: "H 5N 1 appears in the colder months, it will disappear in the hot months, and will then reappear in the colder months. H 7N 9 may follow a similar pattern." he warned said, "before they re-open their markets, they know that the virus had indeed disappeared?"
Chen Hua-lan believes that "if H 7N 9 really only exists in the poultry market, it will be a blessing." She suggested, permanently shut live poultry market.
"Capture" H 7N 9
Chen Hua-lan team: H7N 9 virus invades the human mutation may spread through droplets efficient, there is the risk of human pandemic.
Guan Yi, Shu Yuelong team: H 7N 9 virus human to human transmission capability, but interpersonal communication is very limited.
Academician Li Lanjuan: viral genes, such as a spiral staircase. Currently three "step" position has changed when there are a "step" shift, it will lead to "person to person."
H 7N 9 is not popular among the poultry disease, it is difficult to find out the whereabouts of it, just like a "black box."
H 7N 9 both as seasonal flu viruses, easy and human cells in the upper respiratory tract such as the trachea combined; also equipped with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H 5N 1 feature, people can go to the lower respiratory tract, and with lung cell receptor binding, so the ratio of H 5N 1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus more easily infect humans. But H 7N 9 in the human trachea ability to replicate much lower than the ability to replicate in the lungs, which causes the virus still can not efficiently from person to person.
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