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Front Public Health . The impact of COVID-19 hospitalizations on nursing home admissions: a regional insight into long-term care and public health

tetano

Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Public Health


. 2025 Jul 18:13:1613684.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1613684. eCollection 2025. The impact of COVID-19 hospitalizations on nursing home admissions: a regional insight into long-term care and public health

Alessandra Bandera[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Marta Colaneri[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alessia Antonella Galbussera[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Marta Canuti[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Lucia Dall'Olio[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Alessandro Nobili[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Massimo Puoti[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Giulia Carla Marchetti[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Simone Piva[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Pierluigi Plebani[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Mario Raviglione[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Andrea Gori[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Danilo Cereda[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Olivia Leoni[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Ida Fortino[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Maria Luisa Ojeda Fernandez[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pier Mannuccio Mannucci[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Pasquale Agosti[SUP] 2 13 [/SUP], Fabrizio Tediosi[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Marta Baviera[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mauro Tettamanti[SUP] 4 [/SUP]



Affiliations
Abstract

Background: To obtain the rate of admission to nursing homes (NHs) and to evaluate clinical characteristics and mortality rates of patients admitted to NHs after hospitalizations for COVID-19, compared to non-COVID-19 acutely hospitalized patients.
Methods: We analyzed administrative data from Lombardy, a Northen Italian region, in individuals aged ≥50 years who were hospitalized and discharged alive in 2018 for acute conditions or, between February 2020 and June 2022, for COVID-19. Outcomes included NH institutionalization rates within 180 post-discharge day and mortality following NH admission. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities were used to assess the risks.
Results: Among 133,216 COVID-19 hospitalizations in 2020-2022 and 239,099 acute hospitalizations in 2018, institutionalization rates within 180 post-discharge days were similar (3.7% for both cohorts). However, COVID-19 patients had higher adjusted risks of institutionalization (HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.63-1.78) and mortality within 6 months after NH admission (HR 2.08; 95% CI 1.90-2.27). Differences were more pronounced when considering patients hospitalized during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave.
Conclusion: COVID-19 hospitalization significantly increases the risks of admission to NHs and early mortality after institutionalization in older individuals compared to hospitalizations due to other acute conditions.

Keywords: COVID-19; administrative databases; institutionalization; nursing home; post-acute care.

 
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