tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2025 Feb 18:16:1532947.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1532947. eCollection 2025. Follow-up of humoral and cellular immune responses after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in multiple myeloma patients
Vincenzo Raimondi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paola Storti[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rosanna Vescovini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Valentina Franceschi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Denise Toscani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Laura Notarfranchi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Anna Benedetta Dalla Palma[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Nicolas Thomas Iannozzi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sergio Minesso[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Matteo Scita[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Oxana Lungu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mattia Dessena[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gaetano Donofrio[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nicola Giuliani[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
The stability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, especially concerning the cross-reactive recognition of the Omicron variant, remains incompletely characterized in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This study evaluated humoral responses in 29 MM patients and cellular responses in a subset of 19 MM patients, specific to Wuhan and Omicron spike proteins, between 16 and 26 weeks following the third vaccine dose. After 26 weeks, we highlighted a significant reduction in the neutralizing antibodies to both spikes and the percentages of IFN-γ[SUP]+[/SUP]CD107a[SUP]+[/SUP] spike-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells. On the other hand, patients who underwent an additional stimulation between the two time points, through either a fourth vaccine dose or breakthrough infection, showed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies and stable levels of cytotoxic CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells. Additionally, those with only three doses experienced a higher rate of breakthrough infections during the 32-week follow-up period. These findings underscore the waning of vaccine-induced immunity over time and may help benefit-risk evaluation in vaccination strategies in MM patients.
Keywords: Omicron variant; SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; T cell response; breakthrough infection; humoral immunity; multiple myeloma.
. 2025 Feb 18:16:1532947.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1532947. eCollection 2025. Follow-up of humoral and cellular immune responses after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in multiple myeloma patients
Vincenzo Raimondi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paola Storti[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rosanna Vescovini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Valentina Franceschi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Denise Toscani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Laura Notarfranchi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Anna Benedetta Dalla Palma[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Nicolas Thomas Iannozzi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sergio Minesso[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Matteo Scita[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Oxana Lungu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mattia Dessena[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gaetano Donofrio[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nicola Giuliani[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40040701
- PMCID: PMC11876378
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1532947
The stability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, especially concerning the cross-reactive recognition of the Omicron variant, remains incompletely characterized in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This study evaluated humoral responses in 29 MM patients and cellular responses in a subset of 19 MM patients, specific to Wuhan and Omicron spike proteins, between 16 and 26 weeks following the third vaccine dose. After 26 weeks, we highlighted a significant reduction in the neutralizing antibodies to both spikes and the percentages of IFN-γ[SUP]+[/SUP]CD107a[SUP]+[/SUP] spike-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells. On the other hand, patients who underwent an additional stimulation between the two time points, through either a fourth vaccine dose or breakthrough infection, showed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies and stable levels of cytotoxic CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells. Additionally, those with only three doses experienced a higher rate of breakthrough infections during the 32-week follow-up period. These findings underscore the waning of vaccine-induced immunity over time and may help benefit-risk evaluation in vaccination strategies in MM patients.
Keywords: Omicron variant; SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; T cell response; breakthrough infection; humoral immunity; multiple myeloma.