tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2022 Nov 25;13:1035073.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035073. eCollection 2022.
Autoimmune hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccination
Han Zheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ting Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiyao Xu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xin Lu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xinting Sang[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most vigorous ways to intervene in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Cases of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination have been increasingly reported. Twenty-seven cases of AIH are summarized in this study, providing emerging evidence of autoimmune reactions in response to various COVID-19 vaccines, including in patients with special disease backgrounds such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver transplantation, and previous hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Molecular mimicry, adjuvants, epitope spreading, bystander activation, X chromosome, and sceptical hepatotropism of SARS-CoV-2 may account for, to some extent, such autoimmune phenomena. Immunosuppressive corticosteroids perform well with or without azathioprine in such post-COVID-19-vaccination AIH. However, determination of the exact mechanism and establishment of causality require further confirmation.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; autoimmune hepatitis (AIH); liver; vaccination.
. 2022 Nov 25;13:1035073.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035073. eCollection 2022.
Autoimmune hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccination
Han Zheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ting Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiyao Xu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xin Lu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xinting Sang[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36505482
- PMCID: PMC9732229
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035073
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most vigorous ways to intervene in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Cases of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination have been increasingly reported. Twenty-seven cases of AIH are summarized in this study, providing emerging evidence of autoimmune reactions in response to various COVID-19 vaccines, including in patients with special disease backgrounds such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver transplantation, and previous hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Molecular mimicry, adjuvants, epitope spreading, bystander activation, X chromosome, and sceptical hepatotropism of SARS-CoV-2 may account for, to some extent, such autoimmune phenomena. Immunosuppressive corticosteroids perform well with or without azathioprine in such post-COVID-19-vaccination AIH. However, determination of the exact mechanism and establishment of causality require further confirmation.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; autoimmune hepatitis (AIH); liver; vaccination.