Pathfinder
Editor, Senior Moderator
Re: FLU PANDEMIC: 1889-1890
Translation Google
1889 Russian flu four months killed million of people sweeping the globe
September 12, 2013 10:19:02 Source: Global Times
Mainland China appears H7N9 (Influenza A virus H7N9 subtype full name) epidemic, causing a lot of attention. Many media have been recalled since the 20th century, several large outbreaks of influenza, especially in 1918 of the "Spanish flu." In fact, in 1918 years ago, have also been a lot of flu disaster, especially in 1889, the aircraft has not yet become a transport context, a "Russian flu" spread throughout the world in just a few months, resulting in about 1 000 000 people were killed .
Some people believe that in 1889 -1890 years, Russia H2N2 influenza caused by influenza virus subtypes cause. The summer of 1889, Russia's Central Asian city of Bukhara Empire poverty serious outbreak of flu . At that time Russia had just built up to 900 miles of the trans-Caspian railway. According to records, in Bukhara, flu mortality rate of 5% -8.75%, which implies that there may also be popular with both malaria and other diseases. However, there are some news that the epidemic from western Siberia and northern Kazakhstan.
To October, the plague spread to Moscow and St. Petersburg, and then into Poland, along the roads, railways and rivers spread to Finland, Hungary, Germany and Austria. In Western Europe, this disease is known as the "Russian flu." But Russian officials believe that it is a miasma, including plague drift into the breeze from China, because in 1888, China Yellow River floods, as many as 2 million people and livestock drowned, the Russians called the "Chinese cold." A popular theory from France claimed that "China cold" were living in filthy and dirty environments Russian peasants transformed into flu.
The end of October, Paris, London and Edinburgh influenza virus infection by many people. Then, ship the flu spread U.S. East Coast. In mid-December, the New York and Boston have reported influenza cases.
January 1890, influenza across the Midwestern United States into Canada. At the same time, the flu through the Mediterranean into North Africa, through the Atlantic and Pacific ports spread to South Africa, South America, Japan, the U.S. West Coast, China, Singapore, India, Australia, New Zealand and Indonesia. In the dissemination process, dock workers are usually the first victims. Illinois Secretary of Health noted that only three or four months time, the flu has global coverage. However, there are exceptions, until the end of 1890, the distant region of Kashmir has not been affected.Similarly, the spread of influenza in Africa relatively slow speed.
With the flu virus spreads to the world, in many countries, the newspaper headlines that flu outbreak. For example, Kentucky Maysville "Evening Gazette" in 1889 with a number of days after Christmas flu front page news. A Boston correspondent writes: "To be sure, more than 1/10 of the people affected by it." Many reported that the groups most affected by the flu is 15 years old -40 years old crowd, followed by the elderly. Maybe old people from the 1840s epidemic gained some immunity. Children and babies because basically do not participate in social activities, the impact is minimal.
In Europe, 1889 -1890 influenza pandemic is considered to be the largest of the 19th century "killer." This is because Europe has laid a dense railway network in 1889 has over 125,000 miles rail line connecting major European cities. In the UK, adult influenza interrupted the downward trend in mortality from infectious diseases, with the average level compared to the previous decade, in 1889 -1890 years, died of bronchitis, tuberculosis, typhoid London citizens increased significantly. In Paris, an average of 2.5 per 1,000 people have died from the flu; Lisbon 1.6 per 1000 people died of the flu.Influenza is also thought to cause a major factor in mental disorders, such as Scotland's Royal Edinburgh psychiatric hospital data show that in 1890 the 140 hospitalized patients with major depression also suffer flu "toxins" torture. Some historians say, the flu is caused by people "temporary insanity" of a factor in 1890 in Europe, suicide and attempted suicide rates have increased significantly.
At that time Pope Leo XIII made an unprecedented move to allow people suffering from influenza in the church Katsumi Shoushen of Lent, abstinence aspects can be special exemption. However, in Europe, public opinion against the forced isolation, many people see this as a minor illness. In Edinburgh, despite the launch isolation hospital, but no one patient stay.
In this pandemic, due to sick workers, production, public services and transport were also disrupted. St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, January 1890 and February, average hourly day clinic to treat 25 patients with influenza . Only in January 1890, the London Metropolitan police force had 1660 people died from the flu. Even British Prime Minister Salisbury Marquis bedridden. In Russia, Czar Alexander III struggling to recover from the flu.
It is worth mentioning that died in the influenza pandemic of celebrities including the British poet Robert Browning, Alfred Tennyson, and Queen Victoria's grandson, Prince Albert Victor (lineal heir to the British throne). According to estimates, a total of approximately 100 million people worldwide die from this flu.
The face of this pandemic, doctors have used the "virus" is the word to explain the direct cause of influenza. Historians Smith said at the time, the reason for the cause of this epidemic made a lot of different points of view. But in the end the doctors had not been able to determine the source of this flu.
(Author: Ge Yuanfen)
http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-09/12/c_125374472.htm
Translation Google
1889 Russian flu four months killed million of people sweeping the globe
September 12, 2013 10:19:02 Source: Global Times
Mainland China appears H7N9 (Influenza A virus H7N9 subtype full name) epidemic, causing a lot of attention. Many media have been recalled since the 20th century, several large outbreaks of influenza, especially in 1918 of the "Spanish flu." In fact, in 1918 years ago, have also been a lot of flu disaster, especially in 1889, the aircraft has not yet become a transport context, a "Russian flu" spread throughout the world in just a few months, resulting in about 1 000 000 people were killed .
Some people believe that in 1889 -1890 years, Russia H2N2 influenza caused by influenza virus subtypes cause. The summer of 1889, Russia's Central Asian city of Bukhara Empire poverty serious outbreak of flu . At that time Russia had just built up to 900 miles of the trans-Caspian railway. According to records, in Bukhara, flu mortality rate of 5% -8.75%, which implies that there may also be popular with both malaria and other diseases. However, there are some news that the epidemic from western Siberia and northern Kazakhstan.
To October, the plague spread to Moscow and St. Petersburg, and then into Poland, along the roads, railways and rivers spread to Finland, Hungary, Germany and Austria. In Western Europe, this disease is known as the "Russian flu." But Russian officials believe that it is a miasma, including plague drift into the breeze from China, because in 1888, China Yellow River floods, as many as 2 million people and livestock drowned, the Russians called the "Chinese cold." A popular theory from France claimed that "China cold" were living in filthy and dirty environments Russian peasants transformed into flu.
The end of October, Paris, London and Edinburgh influenza virus infection by many people. Then, ship the flu spread U.S. East Coast. In mid-December, the New York and Boston have reported influenza cases.
January 1890, influenza across the Midwestern United States into Canada. At the same time, the flu through the Mediterranean into North Africa, through the Atlantic and Pacific ports spread to South Africa, South America, Japan, the U.S. West Coast, China, Singapore, India, Australia, New Zealand and Indonesia. In the dissemination process, dock workers are usually the first victims. Illinois Secretary of Health noted that only three or four months time, the flu has global coverage. However, there are exceptions, until the end of 1890, the distant region of Kashmir has not been affected.Similarly, the spread of influenza in Africa relatively slow speed.
With the flu virus spreads to the world, in many countries, the newspaper headlines that flu outbreak. For example, Kentucky Maysville "Evening Gazette" in 1889 with a number of days after Christmas flu front page news. A Boston correspondent writes: "To be sure, more than 1/10 of the people affected by it." Many reported that the groups most affected by the flu is 15 years old -40 years old crowd, followed by the elderly. Maybe old people from the 1840s epidemic gained some immunity. Children and babies because basically do not participate in social activities, the impact is minimal.
In Europe, 1889 -1890 influenza pandemic is considered to be the largest of the 19th century "killer." This is because Europe has laid a dense railway network in 1889 has over 125,000 miles rail line connecting major European cities. In the UK, adult influenza interrupted the downward trend in mortality from infectious diseases, with the average level compared to the previous decade, in 1889 -1890 years, died of bronchitis, tuberculosis, typhoid London citizens increased significantly. In Paris, an average of 2.5 per 1,000 people have died from the flu; Lisbon 1.6 per 1000 people died of the flu.Influenza is also thought to cause a major factor in mental disorders, such as Scotland's Royal Edinburgh psychiatric hospital data show that in 1890 the 140 hospitalized patients with major depression also suffer flu "toxins" torture. Some historians say, the flu is caused by people "temporary insanity" of a factor in 1890 in Europe, suicide and attempted suicide rates have increased significantly.
At that time Pope Leo XIII made an unprecedented move to allow people suffering from influenza in the church Katsumi Shoushen of Lent, abstinence aspects can be special exemption. However, in Europe, public opinion against the forced isolation, many people see this as a minor illness. In Edinburgh, despite the launch isolation hospital, but no one patient stay.
In this pandemic, due to sick workers, production, public services and transport were also disrupted. St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, January 1890 and February, average hourly day clinic to treat 25 patients with influenza . Only in January 1890, the London Metropolitan police force had 1660 people died from the flu. Even British Prime Minister Salisbury Marquis bedridden. In Russia, Czar Alexander III struggling to recover from the flu.
It is worth mentioning that died in the influenza pandemic of celebrities including the British poet Robert Browning, Alfred Tennyson, and Queen Victoria's grandson, Prince Albert Victor (lineal heir to the British throne). According to estimates, a total of approximately 100 million people worldwide die from this flu.
The face of this pandemic, doctors have used the "virus" is the word to explain the direct cause of influenza. Historians Smith said at the time, the reason for the cause of this epidemic made a lot of different points of view. But in the end the doctors had not been able to determine the source of this flu.
(Author: Ge Yuanfen)
http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-09/12/c_125374472.htm
