tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Euro Surveill
. 2026 May;31(20).
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.20.2600375.
Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H9N2 influenza virus, New York, United States, 2025
Gagandeep Singh[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Disha Bhavsar[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lucas M Ferreri[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jessica R Nardulli[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Charles Gleason[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Neko Lyttle[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yuexing Chen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Anice C Lowen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Viviana Simon[SUP] 4 2 5 1 6 [/SUP], Florian Krammer[SUP] 7 8 1 2 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Understanding population immunity to emerging viruses is critical for risk assessment. We characterised antibody responses to avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in 298 human sera from adults in New York City. We observed widespread cross-reactive H9-binding antibodies, albeit at lower levels (GMT = 371.3) than against seasonal H3 (GMT = 1,398.0), with low to undetectable haemagglutination inhibition and neutralising antibodies. In contrast, NA-binding and neuraminidase inhibition responses were moderate (GMT = 149.5 and 34.2) and comparable to those against human seasonal N2 (GMT = 259.0 and 42.2).
Keywords: H9N2; avian influenza; influenza A virus; zoonoses.
. 2026 May;31(20).
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.20.2600375.
Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H9N2 influenza virus, New York, United States, 2025
Gagandeep Singh[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Disha Bhavsar[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lucas M Ferreri[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jessica R Nardulli[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Charles Gleason[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Neko Lyttle[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yuexing Chen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Anice C Lowen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Viviana Simon[SUP] 4 2 5 1 6 [/SUP], Florian Krammer[SUP] 7 8 1 2 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 42170746
- DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.20.2600375
Understanding population immunity to emerging viruses is critical for risk assessment. We characterised antibody responses to avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in 298 human sera from adults in New York City. We observed widespread cross-reactive H9-binding antibodies, albeit at lower levels (GMT = 371.3) than against seasonal H3 (GMT = 1,398.0), with low to undetectable haemagglutination inhibition and neutralising antibodies. In contrast, NA-binding and neuraminidase inhibition responses were moderate (GMT = 149.5 and 34.2) and comparable to those against human seasonal N2 (GMT = 259.0 and 42.2).
Keywords: H9N2; avian influenza; influenza A virus; zoonoses.