tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
. 2021 Apr 15.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13834-5. Online ahead of print.
Association between environmental factors and COVID-19 in Shanghai, China
Yuxia Ma[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bowen Cheng[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jiahui Shen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hang Wang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Fengliu Feng[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yifan Zhang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Haoran Jiao[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread worldwide and has led to recession, rising unemployment, and the collapse of the health-care system. The aim of this study was to explore the exposure-response relationship between daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and environmental factors. We used a time-series generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the short-term association between COVID-19 and environmental factors by using daily meteorological elements, air pollutant concentration, and daily confirmed COVID-19 cases from January 21, 2020, to February 29, 2020, in Shanghai, China. We observed significant negative associations between daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and mean temperature (T[SUB]ave[/SUB]), temperature humidity index (THI), and index of wind effect (K), whereas air quality index (AQI), PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB], PM[SUB]10[/SUB] NO[SUB]2[/SUB], and SO[SUB]2[/SUB] were significantly associated with the increase in daily confirmed COVID-19 cases. A 1 ?C increase in T[SUB]ave[/SUB], one-unit increase in THI, and 10-unit increase in K (lag 0-7 days) were associated with 4.7, 1.8, and 1.6% decrease in daily confirmed cases, respectively. Daily T[SUB]ave[/SUB], THI, K, PM[SUB]10[/SUB], and SO[SUB]2[/SUB] had significant lag and persistence (lag 0-7 days), whereas the lag and persistence of AQI, PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB], and NO[SUB]2[/SUB] were significant at both lag 0-7 and 0-14 days. A 10-?g/m[SUP]3[/SUP] increase in PM[SUB]10[/SUB] and 1-?g/m[SUP]3[/SUP] increase in SO[SUB]2[/SUB] was associated with 13.9 and 5.7% increase in daily confirmed cases at lag 0-7 days, respectively, whereas a 10-unit increase in AQI and a 10-?g/m[SUP]3[/SUP] increase in PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] and NO[SUB]2[/SUB] were associated with 7.9, 7.8, and 10.1% increase in daily confirmed cases at lag 0-14 days, respectively. Our findings have important implications for public health in the city of Shanghai.
Keywords: Air pollution; COVID-19; Environmental factors.
. 2021 Apr 15.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13834-5. Online ahead of print.
Association between environmental factors and COVID-19 in Shanghai, China
Yuxia Ma[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bowen Cheng[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jiahui Shen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hang Wang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Fengliu Feng[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yifan Zhang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Haoran Jiao[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33856634
- DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13834-5
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread worldwide and has led to recession, rising unemployment, and the collapse of the health-care system. The aim of this study was to explore the exposure-response relationship between daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and environmental factors. We used a time-series generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the short-term association between COVID-19 and environmental factors by using daily meteorological elements, air pollutant concentration, and daily confirmed COVID-19 cases from January 21, 2020, to February 29, 2020, in Shanghai, China. We observed significant negative associations between daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and mean temperature (T[SUB]ave[/SUB]), temperature humidity index (THI), and index of wind effect (K), whereas air quality index (AQI), PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB], PM[SUB]10[/SUB] NO[SUB]2[/SUB], and SO[SUB]2[/SUB] were significantly associated with the increase in daily confirmed COVID-19 cases. A 1 ?C increase in T[SUB]ave[/SUB], one-unit increase in THI, and 10-unit increase in K (lag 0-7 days) were associated with 4.7, 1.8, and 1.6% decrease in daily confirmed cases, respectively. Daily T[SUB]ave[/SUB], THI, K, PM[SUB]10[/SUB], and SO[SUB]2[/SUB] had significant lag and persistence (lag 0-7 days), whereas the lag and persistence of AQI, PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB], and NO[SUB]2[/SUB] were significant at both lag 0-7 and 0-14 days. A 10-?g/m[SUP]3[/SUP] increase in PM[SUB]10[/SUB] and 1-?g/m[SUP]3[/SUP] increase in SO[SUB]2[/SUB] was associated with 13.9 and 5.7% increase in daily confirmed cases at lag 0-7 days, respectively, whereas a 10-unit increase in AQI and a 10-?g/m[SUP]3[/SUP] increase in PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB] and NO[SUB]2[/SUB] were associated with 7.9, 7.8, and 10.1% increase in daily confirmed cases at lag 0-14 days, respectively. Our findings have important implications for public health in the city of Shanghai.
Keywords: Air pollution; COVID-19; Environmental factors.