tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Emerg Infect Dis
. 2025 Mar 12;31(4).
doi: 10.3201/eid3104.241615. Online ahead of print.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Stability in Irradiated Raw Milk and Wastewater and on Surfaces, United States
Franziska Kaiser, Santiago Cardenas, Kwe Claude Yinda, Reshma K Mukesh, Missiani Ochwoto, Shane Gallogly, Arthur Wickenhagen, Kyle Bibby, Emmie de Wit, Dylan Morris, James O Lloyd-Smith, Vincent J Munster
We measured stability of infectious influenza A(H5N1) virus in irradiated raw milk and wastewater and on surfaces. We found a relatively slow decay in milk, indicating that contaminated milk and fomites pose transmission risks. Although the risk is low, our results call for caution in milk handling and disposal from infected cattle.
Keywords: H5N1; United States; food safety; half-life; influenza; milk; respiratory infections; stability; viruses; wastewater.
edited to add:
"We studied surface stability of H5N1 virus on stainless steel, polypropylene, and rubber surfaces at 4°C with 80% relative humidity and at 22°C with 65% relative humidity. At 4°C, we measured a half-life of 1.4 (95% CrI 1.1–2.1) days on polypropylene, 1.2 (95% CrI 1.0–1.7) days on stainless steel, and 0.51 (95% CrI 0.45–0.59) days on rubber. At 22°C, we measured half-life values of 0.11 (95% CrI 0.08–0.14) days (2.5 [95% CrI 1.6–3.4] hours) on polypropylene, 0.14 (95% CrI 0.11–0.18) days (3.3 [95% CrI 2.5–4.3] hours) on stainless steel, and 0.14 (95% CrI 0.12–0.16) days (3.31 [95% CrI 2.86–3.87] hours) on rubber (Figure 2). Decay rates of infectious H5N1 virus were comparable on stainless steel and polypropylene surfaces but were ≈10 times faster at 22°C (room temperature) than at 4°C. Stability on rubber material was no different at 22°C but lower at 4°C compared with polypropylene or stainless steel. A 10 log[SUB]10[/SUB] reduction in infectious virus titer was achieved at 4°C after 45 (95% CrI 35–62) days on polypropylene, after 40 (95% CrI 32–57) days on steel, and after 16.95 (95% CrI 15.07–19.64) days on rubber. In comparison, at 22°C, the 10 log[SUB]10[/SUB] decrease took 3.6 (95% CrI 2.7–4.6) days on polypropylene, 4.7 (95% CrI 3.7–5.9) days on stainless steel, and 4.59 (95% CrI 3.96–5.36) days on rubber."
. 2025 Mar 12;31(4).
doi: 10.3201/eid3104.241615. Online ahead of print.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Stability in Irradiated Raw Milk and Wastewater and on Surfaces, United States
Franziska Kaiser, Santiago Cardenas, Kwe Claude Yinda, Reshma K Mukesh, Missiani Ochwoto, Shane Gallogly, Arthur Wickenhagen, Kyle Bibby, Emmie de Wit, Dylan Morris, James O Lloyd-Smith, Vincent J Munster
- PMID: 40072542
- DOI: 10.3201/eid3104.241615
We measured stability of infectious influenza A(H5N1) virus in irradiated raw milk and wastewater and on surfaces. We found a relatively slow decay in milk, indicating that contaminated milk and fomites pose transmission risks. Although the risk is low, our results call for caution in milk handling and disposal from infected cattle.
Keywords: H5N1; United States; food safety; half-life; influenza; milk; respiratory infections; stability; viruses; wastewater.
edited to add:
"We studied surface stability of H5N1 virus on stainless steel, polypropylene, and rubber surfaces at 4°C with 80% relative humidity and at 22°C with 65% relative humidity. At 4°C, we measured a half-life of 1.4 (95% CrI 1.1–2.1) days on polypropylene, 1.2 (95% CrI 1.0–1.7) days on stainless steel, and 0.51 (95% CrI 0.45–0.59) days on rubber. At 22°C, we measured half-life values of 0.11 (95% CrI 0.08–0.14) days (2.5 [95% CrI 1.6–3.4] hours) on polypropylene, 0.14 (95% CrI 0.11–0.18) days (3.3 [95% CrI 2.5–4.3] hours) on stainless steel, and 0.14 (95% CrI 0.12–0.16) days (3.31 [95% CrI 2.86–3.87] hours) on rubber (Figure 2). Decay rates of infectious H5N1 virus were comparable on stainless steel and polypropylene surfaces but were ≈10 times faster at 22°C (room temperature) than at 4°C. Stability on rubber material was no different at 22°C but lower at 4°C compared with polypropylene or stainless steel. A 10 log[SUB]10[/SUB] reduction in infectious virus titer was achieved at 4°C after 45 (95% CrI 35–62) days on polypropylene, after 40 (95% CrI 32–57) days on steel, and after 16.95 (95% CrI 15.07–19.64) days on rubber. In comparison, at 22°C, the 10 log[SUB]10[/SUB] decrease took 3.6 (95% CrI 2.7–4.6) days on polypropylene, 4.7 (95% CrI 3.7–5.9) days on stainless steel, and 4.59 (95% CrI 3.96–5.36) days on rubber."
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