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Outbreak in backyard poultry in Al Gharbiyah governorate.
Google-translated from Arabic:
The focus of a new bird flu in the West [Al Gharbiyah]
Dec 22, 2007
Western - Ali Abu Dashic:
Discovered Directorate of Veterniary Medicine Bank hotbed of new infected with Avian .. Taha, where he received the official Major General Director of the Western [Al Gharbiyah] security Bnfouk filed dozens of birds in the house of the citizen Abdulatif Eid Center Epcin. Was formed a committee of veterinary medicine and move to the site of the author were executed birds infected with the virus and inspecting the contacts of birds.
Re: EGYPT - Outbreak in backyard poultry in Al Gharbiyah governorate
More on this outbreak. Six persons in the household tested -- no results yet.
Google-translated from Arabic:
Bank of emergency following the appearance of bird Aanflonza
Dec 23, 2007
Tanta Atef Dabs: Examination result revealed a number of dead birds, found in a house in farms "Epcin" numbered 35 flying and conducted by veterinary labs body from the Ministry of Agriculture positive dead birds infected with it and avian influenza epidemic. And immediately declared a state of emergency Gharbia maximum supervision of Engineer Shafei Aldkrory governor of the West [Al Gharbiyah], with a focus Kerdoun within infected.
The execution of all domestic birds live over existing surfaces within half a kilo of focus and fortify [vaccinate] the rest of the surrounding areas about nutrition assessments.
It was also bad and bury dead birds in accordance with the procedures established in the collective Cemetery and coverage liming neighborhood. Also signing Health Administration inspected the family farm Abdulatif Hamza and composed of 6 persons and sampling of them to ensure that no transmission of the disease and sent them to laboratories of the Ministry of Health, has also decided to maintain the provision of real estate Altamflo [Tamiflu] all hospitals diets and processing places of confinement following the appearance of the first positive case among birds in the maintaining this winter.
Recombinomics Commentary
December 23, 2007 he received the official Major General Director of the Western [Al Gharbiyah] security Bnfouk filed dozens of birds in the house of the citizen Abdulatif Eid Center Epcin. Was formed a committee of veterinary medicine and move to the site of the author were executed birds infected with the virus and inspecting the contacts of birds.
The above translation describes another H5N1 outbreak in the Nile Delta (see satellite map). Although Egypt has completed and extensive vaccination program of poultry, new H5N1 outbreaks in poultry are being reported. The above outbreak is in the Gharbiya governorate.
Almost exactly one year ago the largest cluster reported to date in Egypt was in Gharbiya. All three infections were fatal and the sequences from the patients had two receptor binding domain changes, V223I and M230I, as well as a Tamflu resistance change in NA N294S.
Poultry with the receptor binding domain changes were subsequently found in Gharbiya and Beni Suef.
This season, the H5N1 circulation in Europe is the Uva Lake strain, which has not been previously reported in Egypt. Earlier this year the sequences had the Egyptian markers seen in early 2006, but were more complex. The receptor domain changes were among the newly acquired polymorphisms.
Sequence data from poultry isolates from this year would be useful.
It was also bad and bury dead birds in accordance with the procedures established in the collective Cemetery and coverage liming neighborhood.
Also signing Health Administration inspected the family farm Abdulatif Hamza and composed of 6 persons and sampling of them to ensure that no transmission of the disease and sent them to laboratories of the Ministry of Health, has also decided to maintain the provision of real estate Altamflo [Tamiflu] all hospitals diets and processing places of confinement following the appearance of the first positive case among birds in the maintaining this winter.
The above translation indicates a Tamiflu blanket is being applied in the Gharbiya governorate in the Nile Delta. H5N1 was confirmed there for the first time this season. Last December the Gharbiya cluster was reported. It is the largest cluster reported to date in Egypt, and the sequence from the fatal infections had two receptor binding domain changes, V223I and M230I, and was Tamiflu resistant, N294S.
Migratory birds fly into the region at this time of the year. Two years ago a healthy teal was H5N1 positive and it was also found in Damietta, another goveronate in the Nile Delta.
As noted above, the farm contacts are being tested fro H5N1 and will likely be placed on prophylactic does of Tamiflu if they are negative. Similarly, Tamiflu is being stockpile at hospitals and confinement locations in the area.
Earlier, Egypt issued a H5N1 alert when H5N1 was found in Sharqia, another Nile Delta governorate, in spite of an aggressive vaccination program.
Recombinomics Commentary 15:54
December 26, 2007 has also decided to maintain the provision of real estate Altamflo [Tamiflu] all hospitals diets and processing places of confinement following the appearance of the first positive case among birds in the maintaining this winter.
The above translation of comments was published two days ago. Although the report notes the first positive case in birds in Gharbiya, today?s announcement of the first H5N1 human case in Egypt this season suggest that the first human case in Beni Suef may have contributed to the implementation of a Tamiflu blanket in the region.
The extensive use of osletamivir in Egypt could lead to the selection of Tamiflu resistant strains circulating in the area. One year ago Egypt reported the largest H5N1 cluster. The H5N1 sequences from the cluster were cause for concern. In addition to two receptor binding domain changes, which could lead to more efficient transmission, the NA sequence also had N294S, which is linked to resistance to Tamiflu.
Since N294S was present prior to Tamiflu treatment, it was circulating in the source of the infections of the cluster. H5N1 was isolated from two collections from two of the patients. N294S was in both collections (prior to treatment and 48 hours after treatment) from both patients. A similar sequence was found in a chicken from Gharbiya, but that isolate did not have N294S. Another chicken isolate from Beni-Suef also had the Gharbiya HA sequence. The NA sequence from Beni Suef has not been released.
However, the presence of the Gharbiya sequence in birds in Gharbiya and Beni Suef collected earlier this year suggests the Tamiflu resistance sequences are still in circulation, as are the two receptor binding domain sequences, V223I and M230I.
These sequences are in competition with wild type H5N1 circulating in Egypt, and application of a Tamiflu blanket to the region may lead to a greater prevalence of the Tamiflu resistance marker, which is evolutionarily fit.
Similarly, the association of receptor binding domain markers would also lead to an increased prevalence of such markers. The large cluster in Pakistan also raises the possibility of additional receptor binding domain changes, which could recombine with sequences circulation in Egypt last season.
Sequence data from the cases in Pakistan and Egypt would be useful.
