Mary Wilson
New member
Science Immunology 15 Apr 2021:
Vol. 6, Issue 58, eabi6950
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950
Rishi R. Goel[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]?[/SUP], Sokratis A. Apostolidis[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]3[/SUP],[SUP]?[/SUP], Mark M. Painter[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP] ?[/SUP], Divij Mathew[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]?[/SUP], Ajinkya Pattekar[SUP]2[/SUP], Oliva Kuthuru[SUP]1[/SUP], Sigrid Gouma[SUP]4[/SUP], Philip Hicks[SUP]4[/SUP], Wenzhao Meng[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Aaron M. Rosenfeld[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Sarah Dysinger[SUP]4[/SUP], Kendall A. Lundgreen[SUP]4[/SUP], Leticia Kuri-Cervantes[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]4[/SUP], Sharon Adamski[SUP]2[/SUP], Amanda Hicks[SUP]2[/SUP],
Scott Korte[SUP]2[/SUP], Derek A. Oldridge[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Amy E. Baxter[SUP]1[/SUP], Josephine R. Giles[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]6[/SUP],[SUP]7[/SUP], Madison E. Weirick[SUP]4[/SUP], Christopher M. McAllister[SUP]4[/SUP], Jeanette Dougherty[SUP]1[/SUP], Sherea Long[SUP]1[/SUP], Kurt D?Andrea[SUP]1[/SUP], Jacob T. Hamilton[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]4[/SUP], Michael R. Betts[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]4[/SUP], Eline T. Luning Prak[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Paul Bates[SUP]4[/SUP], Scott E. Hensley[SUP]4[/SUP], Allison R. Greenplate[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP] and John Wherry[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]6[/SUP],[SUP]7[/SUP],[SUP]*[/SUP]
Abstract
Novel mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses are mostly limited to serological analyses. Here, we interrogated antibody and antigen-specific memory B cells over time in 33 SARS-CoV-2 na?ve and 11 SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects. SARS-CoV-2 na?ve individuals required both vaccine doses for optimal increases in antibodies, particularly for neutralizing titers against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for full-length spike protein and the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) were also efficiently primed by mRNA vaccination and detectable in all SARS-CoV-2 naive subjects after the second vaccine dose, though the memory B cell response declined slightly with age. In SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals, antibody and memory B cell responses were significantly boosted after the first vaccine dose; however, there was no increase in circulating antibodies, neutralizing titers, or antigen-specific memory B cells after the second dose. This robust boosting after the first vaccine dose strongly correlated with levels of pre-existing memory B cells in recovered individuals, identifying a key role for memory B cells in mounting recall responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Together, our data demonstrated robust serological and cellular priming by mRNA vaccines and revealed distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, whereby COVID-19 recovered subjects may only require a single vaccine dose to achieve peak antibody and memory B cell responses. These findings also highlight the utility of defining cellular responses in addition to serologies and may inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine distribution in a resource-limited setting.
https://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/6/58/eabi6950
Vol. 6, Issue 58, eabi6950
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950
Rishi R. Goel[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]?[/SUP], Sokratis A. Apostolidis[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]3[/SUP],[SUP]?[/SUP], Mark M. Painter[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP] ?[/SUP], Divij Mathew[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]?[/SUP], Ajinkya Pattekar[SUP]2[/SUP], Oliva Kuthuru[SUP]1[/SUP], Sigrid Gouma[SUP]4[/SUP], Philip Hicks[SUP]4[/SUP], Wenzhao Meng[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Aaron M. Rosenfeld[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Sarah Dysinger[SUP]4[/SUP], Kendall A. Lundgreen[SUP]4[/SUP], Leticia Kuri-Cervantes[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]4[/SUP], Sharon Adamski[SUP]2[/SUP], Amanda Hicks[SUP]2[/SUP],
Scott Korte[SUP]2[/SUP], Derek A. Oldridge[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Amy E. Baxter[SUP]1[/SUP], Josephine R. Giles[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]6[/SUP],[SUP]7[/SUP], Madison E. Weirick[SUP]4[/SUP], Christopher M. McAllister[SUP]4[/SUP], Jeanette Dougherty[SUP]1[/SUP], Sherea Long[SUP]1[/SUP], Kurt D?Andrea[SUP]1[/SUP], Jacob T. Hamilton[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]4[/SUP], Michael R. Betts[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]4[/SUP], Eline T. Luning Prak[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]5[/SUP], Paul Bates[SUP]4[/SUP], Scott E. Hensley[SUP]4[/SUP], Allison R. Greenplate[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP] and John Wherry[SUP]1[/SUP],[SUP]2[/SUP],[SUP]6[/SUP],[SUP]7[/SUP],[SUP]*[/SUP]
Abstract
Novel mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses are mostly limited to serological analyses. Here, we interrogated antibody and antigen-specific memory B cells over time in 33 SARS-CoV-2 na?ve and 11 SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects. SARS-CoV-2 na?ve individuals required both vaccine doses for optimal increases in antibodies, particularly for neutralizing titers against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for full-length spike protein and the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) were also efficiently primed by mRNA vaccination and detectable in all SARS-CoV-2 naive subjects after the second vaccine dose, though the memory B cell response declined slightly with age. In SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals, antibody and memory B cell responses were significantly boosted after the first vaccine dose; however, there was no increase in circulating antibodies, neutralizing titers, or antigen-specific memory B cells after the second dose. This robust boosting after the first vaccine dose strongly correlated with levels of pre-existing memory B cells in recovered individuals, identifying a key role for memory B cells in mounting recall responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Together, our data demonstrated robust serological and cellular priming by mRNA vaccines and revealed distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, whereby COVID-19 recovered subjects may only require a single vaccine dose to achieve peak antibody and memory B cell responses. These findings also highlight the utility of defining cellular responses in addition to serologies and may inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine distribution in a resource-limited setting.
https://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/6/58/eabi6950