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Culex Species Mosquitoes and Zika Virus

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Editor, Senior Moderator
[h=1]Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases[/h]
[h=2]Culex Species Mosquitoes and Zika Virus[/h] To cite this article:
Huang Yan-Jang S., Ayers Victoria B., Lyons Amy C., Unlu Isik, Alto Barry W., Cohnstaedt Lee W., Higgs Stephen, and Vanlandingham Dana L.. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. August 2016, ahead of print. doi:10.1089/vbz.2016.2058.
Online Ahead of Print: August 24, 2016
Navigate ArticleTop of pageAuthor information <<ABSTRACTIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusions and Discussio...AcknowledgmentsAuthor's ContributionsAuthor Disclosure Stateme...References [h=3]Author information[/h]

Yan-Jang S. Huang,[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP] Victoria B. Ayers,[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP] Amy C. Lyons,[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP] Isik Unlu,[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP] Barry W. Alto,[SUP]5[/SUP] Lee W. Cohnstaedt,[SUP]6[/SUP] Stephen Higgs,[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP] and Dana L. Vanlandingham[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP]
[SUP]1[/SUP]Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
[SUP]2[/SUP]Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
[SUP]3[/SUP]Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
[SUP]4[/SUP]Mercer County Mosquito Control, Trenton, New Jersey.
[SUP]5[/SUP]Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida.
[SUP]6[/SUP]Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas.
Address correspondence to:
Dana L. Vanlandingham
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Kansas State University K-221 Mosier Hall
Manhattan, KS 66506-5802
E-mail: dlvanlan@vet.ksu.edu


Navigate ArticleTop of pageAuthor informationABSTRACT <<IntroductionMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusions and Discussio...AcknowledgmentsAuthor's ContributionsAuthor Disclosure Stateme...References [h=3]ABSTRACT[/h]

Recent reports of Zika virus (ZIKV) isolates from Culex species mosquitoes have resulted in concern regarding a lack of knowledge on the number of competent vector species for ZIKV transmission in the new world. Although observations in the field have demonstrated that ZIKV isolation can be made from Culex species mosquitoes, the detection of ZIKV in these mosquitoes is not proof of their involvement in a ZIKV transmission cycle. Detection may be due to recent feeding on a viremic vertebrate, and is not indicative of replication in the mosquito. In this study, susceptibility of recently colonized Culex species mosquitoes was investigated. The results showed a high degree of refractoriness among members of Culex pipiens complex to ZIKV even when exposed to high-titer bloodmeals. Our finding suggests that the likelihood of Culex species mosquitoes serving as secondary vectors for ZIKV is very low, therefore vector control strategies for ZIKV should remain focused on Aedes species mosquitoes. Our demonstration that Culex quinquefasciatus from Vero Beach, FL, is refractory to infection with ZIKV is especially important and timely. Based on our data, we would conclude that the autochthonous cases of Zika in Florida are not due to transmission by C. quinquefasciatus, and so control efforts should focus on other species, logically Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
...
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/vbz.2016.2058

 
For Immediate Release

Contact: Jennifer Gatti, 914-740-2100, jgatti@liebertpub.com
Does Recent Isolation of Zika Virus From Culex Mosquitoes Point to a New Transmission Source?

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New Rochelle, NY, September 7, 2016&#150;Researchers have identified Zika virus in mosquito species other than Aedes aegypti, which is largely responsible for the current outbreaks of Zika infection, raising concerns that different mosquito vectors may be capable of transmitting the virus. However, a new study demonstrates that even after feeding high levels of Zika virus, Culex species mosquitoes remain refractory to infection and therefore highly unlikely to transmit the infection to humans as supported by evidence published in Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases website until October 7, 2016.

Entitled "Culex Species Mosquitoes and Zika Virus," the report demonstrates that the most widespread and abundant Culex species in the United States are very resistant to Zika virus infection even when exposed to high levels in a bloodmeal. In a timely finding with important implications for Florida and other emerging areas of Zika virus infection. Yan-Jang Huang, Dana Vanlandingham and co-authors from the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS), Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ), Mercer County Mosquito Control (Trenton, NJ), University of Florida (Vero Beach, FL), and Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (Manhattan, KS), showed that Culex quinquefasciatus, for example, a mosquito species from Vero Beach, FL, is refractory to infection with Zika virus. The information presented helps to target appropriate mosquito control. Non-target species such as bees can be affected without that focus.

The authors recommend that mosquito control efforts in areas of Florida with non-travel-related cases of infection should continue to focus on Aedes species.
A subsequent Brazilian study (Guedes DRD et al., biorxiv 2016, unpublished preprint) has shown the capacity for Brazilian Culex quinquefasciatus to be infected and to transmit Zika virus.

University of Aix-Marseille visiting Professor Ernest Gould commented, &#147;Prior to its totally unexpected emergence, dispersion and subsequent association with microcephaly, Guillain Barr? syndrome, materno-fetal, sexual, and post-transfusion transmission, Zika virus was a relatively neglected arbovirus with less than 20 recorded human infections globally. However, it is currently one of the most reported (in the media) arboviruses of all time. The emergence of Zika virus in this form has truly shocked the world. Moreover, since Zika virus is an arbovirus that no longer relies upon the natural sylvatic jungle reservoir, one of the many burning questions is, has it evolved the ability to exploit mosquito vectors such as Culex species (the vectors of West Nile virus) in order to increase this amazing epidemiological success. The paper by Vanlandingham's group describes laboratory experiments to assess the transmission competence of Culex species and provides strong evidence to support the view that Culexspecies mosquitoes are highly unlikely to be important vectors of Zika virus. This report provides very helpful guidance for health agencies charged with the responsibility of controlling local mosquito populations in regions of North America where Zika virus presents a potential threat.&#148;
...

http://www.liebertpub.com/global/pre...n-source/1986/
 
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