Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
Case Definitions, Diagnostic Algorithms, and Priorities in Encephalitis: Consensus Statement of the International Encephalitis Consortium
A. Venkatesan 1, A. R. Tunkel 2, K. C. Bloch 3,4, A. S. Lauring 5, J. Sejvar 6, A. Bitnun 7, J-P. Stahl 8, A. Mailles 9, M. Drebot 10, C. E. Rupprecht 11, J. Yoder 12, J. R. Cope 12, M. R. Wilson 13,14, R. J. Whitley 15,16,17,18, J. Sullivan 19, J. Granerod 20, C. Jones 21,22, K. Eastwood 23, K. N. Ward 20,24, D. N. Durrheim 25,26, M. V. Solbrig 27, L. Guo-Dong 28, C. A. Glaser 29, on behalf of the International Encephalitis Consortium
Author Affiliations: <SUP>1</SUP>Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland <SUP>2</SUP>Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island <SUP>3</SUP>Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and <SUP>4</SUP>Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee <SUP>5</SUP>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor <SUP>6</SUP>Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia <SUP>7</SUP>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada <SUP>8</SUP>Infectious Diseases Department, CHU and University 1, Grenoble, France <SUP>9</SUP>Department Infectious Diseases, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice, France <SUP>10</SUP>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba <SUP>11</SUP>Global Alliance For Rabies Control, Manhattan, Kansas <SUP>12</SUP>Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia <SUP>13</SUP>Departments of Neurology and <SUP>14</SUP>Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts <SUP>15</SUP>Departments of Pediatrics <SUP>16</SUP>Microbiology <SUP>17</SUP>Medicine, and <SUP>18</SUP>Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham <SUP>19</SUP>Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia <SUP>20</SUP>Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London <SUP>21</SUP>Sydney Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity Institute, and <SUP>22</SUP>The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales <SUP>23</SUP>Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia <SUP>24</SUP>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, England <SUP>25</SUP>University of Newcastle, and <SUP>26</SUP>Hunter Medical Research Institute, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia <SUP>27</SUP>Department of Medicine (Neurology) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada <SUP>28</SUP>Department of Viral Encephalitis and Arbovirus, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China; <SUP>29</SUP>Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond
Correspondence: Arun Venkatesan, MD, PhD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Meyer 6-113, Baltimore, MD 21287 (avenkat2@jhmi.edu).
Abstract
Background.
Encephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in diagnosis and management have been limited, in part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, and priorities for research.
Methods.
In March 2012, the International Encephalitis Consortium, a committee begun in 2010 with members worldwide, held a meeting in Atlanta to discuss recent advances in encephalitis and to set priorities for future study.
Results.
We present a consensus document that proposes a standardized case definition and diagnostic guidelines for evaluation of adults and children with suspected encephalitis. In addition, areas of research priority, including host genetics and selected emerging infections, are discussed.
Conclusions.
We anticipate that this document, representing a synthesis of our discussions and supported by literature, will serve as a practical aid to clinicians evaluating patients with suspected encephalitis and will identify key areas and approaches to advance our knowledge of encephalitis.
Key words: encephalitis ? guidelines ? viral ? autoimmune - host genetics
Received May 10, 2013. Accepted July 3, 2013.
? The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Case Definitions, Diagnostic Algorithms, and Priorities in Encephalitis: Consensus Statement of the International Encephalitis Consortium
A. Venkatesan 1, A. R. Tunkel 2, K. C. Bloch 3,4, A. S. Lauring 5, J. Sejvar 6, A. Bitnun 7, J-P. Stahl 8, A. Mailles 9, M. Drebot 10, C. E. Rupprecht 11, J. Yoder 12, J. R. Cope 12, M. R. Wilson 13,14, R. J. Whitley 15,16,17,18, J. Sullivan 19, J. Granerod 20, C. Jones 21,22, K. Eastwood 23, K. N. Ward 20,24, D. N. Durrheim 25,26, M. V. Solbrig 27, L. Guo-Dong 28, C. A. Glaser 29, on behalf of the International Encephalitis Consortium
Author Affiliations: <SUP>1</SUP>Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland <SUP>2</SUP>Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island <SUP>3</SUP>Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and <SUP>4</SUP>Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee <SUP>5</SUP>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor <SUP>6</SUP>Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia <SUP>7</SUP>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada <SUP>8</SUP>Infectious Diseases Department, CHU and University 1, Grenoble, France <SUP>9</SUP>Department Infectious Diseases, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice, France <SUP>10</SUP>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba <SUP>11</SUP>Global Alliance For Rabies Control, Manhattan, Kansas <SUP>12</SUP>Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia <SUP>13</SUP>Departments of Neurology and <SUP>14</SUP>Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts <SUP>15</SUP>Departments of Pediatrics <SUP>16</SUP>Microbiology <SUP>17</SUP>Medicine, and <SUP>18</SUP>Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham <SUP>19</SUP>Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia <SUP>20</SUP>Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London <SUP>21</SUP>Sydney Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity Institute, and <SUP>22</SUP>The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales <SUP>23</SUP>Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia <SUP>24</SUP>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, England <SUP>25</SUP>University of Newcastle, and <SUP>26</SUP>Hunter Medical Research Institute, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia <SUP>27</SUP>Department of Medicine (Neurology) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada <SUP>28</SUP>Department of Viral Encephalitis and Arbovirus, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China; <SUP>29</SUP>Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond
Correspondence: Arun Venkatesan, MD, PhD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Meyer 6-113, Baltimore, MD 21287 (avenkat2@jhmi.edu).
Abstract
Background.
Encephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in diagnosis and management have been limited, in part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, and priorities for research.
Methods.
In March 2012, the International Encephalitis Consortium, a committee begun in 2010 with members worldwide, held a meeting in Atlanta to discuss recent advances in encephalitis and to set priorities for future study.
Results.
We present a consensus document that proposes a standardized case definition and diagnostic guidelines for evaluation of adults and children with suspected encephalitis. In addition, areas of research priority, including host genetics and selected emerging infections, are discussed.
Conclusions.
We anticipate that this document, representing a synthesis of our discussions and supported by literature, will serve as a practical aid to clinicians evaluating patients with suspected encephalitis and will identify key areas and approaches to advance our knowledge of encephalitis.
Key words: encephalitis ? guidelines ? viral ? autoimmune - host genetics
Received May 10, 2013. Accepted July 3, 2013.
? The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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