Snowy Owl
Retired in 2010, In Memoriam
Chikungunya; Transmissibility, Symptoms, Treatment <hr style="color: rgb(204, 204, 204);" size="1"> <!-- / icon and title --> <!-- message --> <table style="border: 1px solid rgb(216, 238, 249); border-collapse: collapse; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" height="1569" width="800"><tbody><tr><td style="border-style: ridge; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 4px; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" height="15" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 128, 128); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="23" valign="bottom" width="769"> Origin </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: none; border-width: medium; border-left: medium none rgb(0, 128, 128);" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="28" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: none; border-width: medium; border-left: medium none rgb(0, 128, 128);" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="28" valign="top" width="742"> Insulated by RW ROSS, Entebbe (Uganda), starting from a sanquin taking away carried out in Liteho (Tanzania) on February 22, 1953 on a man presenting fever and arthralgie.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Family</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Togaviridae</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Genre</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Alphavirus (group A of the arboviruses)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="16" valign="top" width="769"> Virus</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="742"> Spherical virion, wrapped, of 60-70 Nm diameter, to ARN monocat?naire of positive polarity. Very near to the viruses to Mayaro, O' Nyong Nyong and Semliki, it is classified under the Chikungunya type which means in swahili "gone curved".</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Viability</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Sensitivity to the drugs: no antiviral agent available to date. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> Sensitivity to disinfecting: sensitive to the ethanol ?.70%, the sodium hypochlorite with 1% with the glutaraldehyde with 2%, solvents of the lipids.
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="53" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="53" valign="top" width="742"> Inactivated by dry or wet heat 58?C; sensitive to the dessication (dehumidification). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: ridge; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 4px; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" height="19" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="26" valign="bottom" width="769"> Geographical distribution</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and since 2005, the Indian Ocean </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Infected species</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Humans
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> The mammals (chimpanzee, certain domestic animals), reptiles, birds.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Mosquitos (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Mansonia, Eretmapodites, Coquillettidia)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Transmissibility</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> Transmissibility Man: no confirmed case of transmission person to person, but of the cases of transmission intra-Uterian and breasfeeding (of the mother to the child) was noted in the Island of La R?union
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="31" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="31" valign="top" width="742"> Animal: primarily the mosquito, family of the AEDES (aegypti, albopictus, polynesians)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: ridge; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 4px; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" height="17" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: none; border-width: medium;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="bottom" width="769"> Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1px 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="33" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1px 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="33" valign="top" width="742"> Incubation 4 to 7 days. Brutal appearance of a feverish episode during 2 to 5 days with strong fever (39?) and frontal cephalgias (headaches) intense</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Sympt?ms</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Arthralgia (articular pain) localised with the shoulders, knees, ankles, handles, and small articulations</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Myalgia (muscular pain)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Cutaneous Eruption (face, trunk, root of the members)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> Other possible symptoms: small haemorrhages, nauseas, vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory obstruction</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Vir?my</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> It is the period during which the infested person is carrying the virus, is 5 to 14 days after the first puncture. For this period, the patient must even protect himself to be isolated from possible news punctures from mosquitos which it could contaminated thus involving the chain reaction of the epidemic.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Treatment</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> None, One recommends the rest and the administration of salicylated (anti-inflammatory drug). The aspirin however is disadvised in the event of haemorrhages.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Convalescence</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="742"> The period of convalescence depends on the individuals. It can vary few days at several weeks, with an asthenia (tiredness) intense and an impossibility of intellectual concentration. The arthralgies (muscular pains) can persist during three months, even several years.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Immunisation</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> No vaccine is available to date. The complete sequencing of the viral genome chik started in the National Center of reference of the arboviroses of Lyon. This step will have amongst other things to detect a possible change of the virus. Possible anti Vaccines - arboviroses ADN (or ARN?) could then be considered later on: for that of the chik, the feasibility study is in hand but the production times are not known, that will be probably long.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Lethality</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="81" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="81" valign="top" width="742"> Several certificates of deaths which have occurred in January 2006 mention the chikungunya like which has been able to contribute to the death. These certificates concern, for the largest majority of them, of the old people presenting of chronic pathologies under unclaimed but also that of a 10 year old child before in good health and of a new-born baby directly contaminated by his mother.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: ridge; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 4px; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" height="18" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="bottom" width="769"> In infected zones
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Reduction of the number of larval lodgings per application of larvicides treatment
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Waste disposal retaining water (containers, tires, vases...)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Air insecticide spreading with very low
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Introduction volume of agents of biological fight like Bacillus thuringiensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> In uninfected zones
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> prohibit the introduction of animals coming from the infected zones</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> In Humankind
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Use of repellant against vectors (spray, cream, gel, insecticides ...)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Specifics for Houses (screens)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#ffffff" height="32" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" height="17" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" height="17" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium;" align="center" bgcolor="#008080" height="12" valign="top" width="810">
</td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- / message --><!-- sig --> __________________
"Cure rarely, Comfort mostly, but Console always''. Hippocrates<!-- / message --><!-- sig --> __________________
"Cure rarely, Comfort mostly, but Console always''. Hippocrates
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 128, 128); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="23" valign="bottom" width="769"> Origin </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: none; border-width: medium; border-left: medium none rgb(0, 128, 128);" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="28" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: none; border-width: medium; border-left: medium none rgb(0, 128, 128);" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="28" valign="top" width="742"> Insulated by RW ROSS, Entebbe (Uganda), starting from a sanquin taking away carried out in Liteho (Tanzania) on February 22, 1953 on a man presenting fever and arthralgie.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Family</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Togaviridae</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Genre</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Alphavirus (group A of the arboviruses)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="16" valign="top" width="769"> Virus</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="742"> Spherical virion, wrapped, of 60-70 Nm diameter, to ARN monocat?naire of positive polarity. Very near to the viruses to Mayaro, O' Nyong Nyong and Semliki, it is classified under the Chikungunya type which means in swahili "gone curved".</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Viability</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Sensitivity to the drugs: no antiviral agent available to date. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> Sensitivity to disinfecting: sensitive to the ethanol ?.70%, the sodium hypochlorite with 1% with the glutaraldehyde with 2%, solvents of the lipids.
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="53" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="53" valign="top" width="742"> Inactivated by dry or wet heat 58?C; sensitive to the dessication (dehumidification). </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: ridge; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 4px; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" height="19" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="26" valign="bottom" width="769"> Geographical distribution</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and since 2005, the Indian Ocean </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Infected species</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Humans
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> The mammals (chimpanzee, certain domestic animals), reptiles, birds.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Mosquitos (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Mansonia, Eretmapodites, Coquillettidia)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Transmissibility</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> Transmissibility Man: no confirmed case of transmission person to person, but of the cases of transmission intra-Uterian and breasfeeding (of the mother to the child) was noted in the Island of La R?union
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="31" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="31" valign="top" width="742"> Animal: primarily the mosquito, family of the AEDES (aegypti, albopictus, polynesians)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: ridge; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 4px; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" height="17" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: none; border-width: medium;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="bottom" width="769"> Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1px 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="33" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1px 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="33" valign="top" width="742"> Incubation 4 to 7 days. Brutal appearance of a feverish episode during 2 to 5 days with strong fever (39?) and frontal cephalgias (headaches) intense</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Sympt?ms</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Arthralgia (articular pain) localised with the shoulders, knees, ankles, handles, and small articulations</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Myalgia (muscular pain)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Cutaneous Eruption (face, trunk, root of the members)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> Other possible symptoms: small haemorrhages, nauseas, vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory obstruction</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Vir?my</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> It is the period during which the infested person is carrying the virus, is 5 to 14 days after the first puncture. For this period, the patient must even protect himself to be isolated from possible news punctures from mosquitos which it could contaminated thus involving the chain reaction of the epidemic.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Treatment</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="34" valign="top" width="742"> None, One recommends the rest and the administration of salicylated (anti-inflammatory drug). The aspirin however is disadvised in the event of haemorrhages.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Convalescence</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="50" valign="top" width="742"> The period of convalescence depends on the individuals. It can vary few days at several weeks, with an asthenia (tiredness) intense and an impossibility of intellectual concentration. The arthralgies (muscular pains) can persist during three months, even several years.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Immunisation</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> No vaccine is available to date. The complete sequencing of the viral genome chik started in the National Center of reference of the arboviroses of Lyon. This step will have amongst other things to detect a possible change of the virus. Possible anti Vaccines - arboviroses ADN (or ARN?) could then be considered later on: for that of the chik, the feasibility study is in hand but the production times are not known, that will be probably long.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> Lethality</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="81" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="81" valign="top" width="742"> Several certificates of deaths which have occurred in January 2006 mention the chikungunya like which has been able to contribute to the death. These certificates concern, for the largest majority of them, of the old people presenting of chronic pathologies under unclaimed but also that of a 10 year old child before in good health and of a new-born baby directly contaminated by his mother.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: ridge; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 4px; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" height="18" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="bottom" width="769"> In infected zones
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Reduction of the number of larval lodgings per application of larvicides treatment
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Waste disposal retaining water (containers, tires, vases...)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Air insecticide spreading with very low
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Introduction volume of agents of biological fight like Bacillus thuringiensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> In uninfected zones
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> prohibit the introduction of animals coming from the infected zones</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="18" valign="top" width="769"> In Humankind
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Use of repellant against vectors (spray, cream, gel, insecticides ...)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742"> Specifics for Houses (screens)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="27">
</td> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" align="left" height="21" valign="top" width="742">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" bgcolor="#ffffff" height="32" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" bordercolor="#D8EEF9" height="17" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; margin: 0pt; word-spacing: 0pt; line-height: 100%;" colspan="2" height="17" valign="top" width="800">
</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium;" align="center" bgcolor="#008080" height="12" valign="top" width="810">
</td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- / message --><!-- sig --> __________________
"Cure rarely, Comfort mostly, but Console always''. Hippocrates<!-- / message --><!-- sig --> __________________
"Cure rarely, Comfort mostly, but Console always''. Hippocrates