tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Sci Transl Med. 2019 Oct 23;11(515). pii: eaax5866. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5866. [h=1]Characterization of orally efficacious influenza drug with high resistance barrier in ferrets and human airway epithelia.[/h]
Toots M[SUP]1[/SUP], Yoon JJ[SUP]1[/SUP], Cox RM[SUP]1[/SUP], Hart M[SUP]1[/SUP], Sticher ZM[SUP]2[/SUP], Makhsous N[SUP]3[/SUP], Plesker R[SUP]4[/SUP], Barrena AH[SUP]1[/SUP], Reddy PG[SUP]2[/SUP], Mitchell DG[SUP]2[/SUP], Shean RC[SUP]3[/SUP], Bluemling GR[SUP]2[/SUP], Kolykhalov AA[SUP]2[/SUP], Greninger AL[SUP]3[/SUP], Natchus MG[SUP]2[/SUP], Painter GR[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Plemper RK[SUP]6[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. 2 Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 3 Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 4 Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, 63225 Langen, Germany. 5 Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 6 Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. rplemper@gsu.edu.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Influenza viruses constitute a major health threat and economic burden globally, frequently exacerbated by preexisting or rapidly emerging resistance to antiviral therapeutics. To address the unmet need of improved influenza therapy, we have created EIDD-2801, an isopropylester prodrug of the ribonucleoside analog N [SUP]4[/SUP]-hydroxycytidine (NHC, EIDD-1931) that has shown broad anti-influenza virus activity in cultured cells and mice. Pharmacokinetic profiling demonstrated that EIDD-2801 was orally bioavailable in ferrets and nonhuman primates. Therapeutic oral dosing of influenza virus-infected ferrets reduced group pandemic 1 and group 2 seasonal influenza A shed virus load by multiple orders of magnitude and alleviated fever, airway epithelium histopathology, and inflammation, whereas postexposure prophylactic dosing was sterilizing. Deep sequencing highlighted lethal viral mutagenesis as the underlying mechanism of activity and revealed a prohibitive barrier to the development of viral resistance. Inhibitory concentrations were low nanomolar against influenza A and B viruses in disease-relevant well-differentiated human air-liquid interface airway epithelia. Correlating antiviral efficacy and cytotoxicity thresholds with pharmacokinetic profiles in human airway epithelium models revealed a therapeutic window >1713 and established dosing parameters required for efficacious human therapy. These data recommend EIDD-2801 as a clinical candidate with high potential for monotherapy of seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infections. Our results inform EIDD-2801 clinical trial design and drug exposure targets.
Copyright ? 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
PMID: 31645453 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5866
Toots M[SUP]1[/SUP], Yoon JJ[SUP]1[/SUP], Cox RM[SUP]1[/SUP], Hart M[SUP]1[/SUP], Sticher ZM[SUP]2[/SUP], Makhsous N[SUP]3[/SUP], Plesker R[SUP]4[/SUP], Barrena AH[SUP]1[/SUP], Reddy PG[SUP]2[/SUP], Mitchell DG[SUP]2[/SUP], Shean RC[SUP]3[/SUP], Bluemling GR[SUP]2[/SUP], Kolykhalov AA[SUP]2[/SUP], Greninger AL[SUP]3[/SUP], Natchus MG[SUP]2[/SUP], Painter GR[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Plemper RK[SUP]6[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. 2 Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 3 Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 4 Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, 63225 Langen, Germany. 5 Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 6 Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. rplemper@gsu.edu.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Influenza viruses constitute a major health threat and economic burden globally, frequently exacerbated by preexisting or rapidly emerging resistance to antiviral therapeutics. To address the unmet need of improved influenza therapy, we have created EIDD-2801, an isopropylester prodrug of the ribonucleoside analog N [SUP]4[/SUP]-hydroxycytidine (NHC, EIDD-1931) that has shown broad anti-influenza virus activity in cultured cells and mice. Pharmacokinetic profiling demonstrated that EIDD-2801 was orally bioavailable in ferrets and nonhuman primates. Therapeutic oral dosing of influenza virus-infected ferrets reduced group pandemic 1 and group 2 seasonal influenza A shed virus load by multiple orders of magnitude and alleviated fever, airway epithelium histopathology, and inflammation, whereas postexposure prophylactic dosing was sterilizing. Deep sequencing highlighted lethal viral mutagenesis as the underlying mechanism of activity and revealed a prohibitive barrier to the development of viral resistance. Inhibitory concentrations were low nanomolar against influenza A and B viruses in disease-relevant well-differentiated human air-liquid interface airway epithelia. Correlating antiviral efficacy and cytotoxicity thresholds with pharmacokinetic profiles in human airway epithelium models revealed a therapeutic window >1713 and established dosing parameters required for efficacious human therapy. These data recommend EIDD-2801 as a clinical candidate with high potential for monotherapy of seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infections. Our results inform EIDD-2801 clinical trial design and drug exposure targets.
Copyright ? 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
PMID: 31645453 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5866