tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Rep
. 2025 Sep 24;44(10):116346.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116346. Online ahead of print. Dairy cow- and avian-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 induce severe mastitis in lactating goats and transmission to suckling goats
Tamiru N Alkie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carissa Embury-Hyatt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anthony V Signore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Darwin Ramos[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Estella Moffat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sugandha Raj[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Henok Gebrebrhan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ifeoluwa Ayilara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tamiko Hisanaga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cassidy N G Erdelyan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Patrick Lloyd[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Oliver Lung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Davor Ojkic[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Claire M Jardine[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Loren Matheson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Darwyn Kobasa[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Zvonimir Poljak[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Samira Mubareka[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Richard Webby[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Yohannes Berhane[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has led to unprecedented spillover and spread among US dairy cows, raising concerns about transmission to other ruminants. We inoculated two groups of lactating goats via intramammary and respiratory routes with Cow-H5N1 (genotype B3.13) or avian-H5N1 (genotype B1.2) virus. Both groups developed severe clinical mastitis and shed viruses in milk, resulting in transmission to suckling kids. Viral RNA was detected in nasal and oral swabs and various tissues, and virus-neutralizing antibodies were present in serum, milk, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In vitro, both viruses replicated efficiently in goat respiratory and mammary epithelial cells. Mammary tissue expresses both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors. These findings demonstrate that goats are highly susceptible to H5N1 infection, with mammary tropism facilitating transmission to offspring, and underscore the need for increased surveillance in ruminant livestock.
Keywords: CP: Microbiology; goats; influenza A(H5N1); mammary glands; milk; neutralizing antibodies; respiratory.
. 2025 Sep 24;44(10):116346.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116346. Online ahead of print. Dairy cow- and avian-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 induce severe mastitis in lactating goats and transmission to suckling goats
Tamiru N Alkie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carissa Embury-Hyatt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anthony V Signore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Darwin Ramos[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Estella Moffat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sugandha Raj[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Henok Gebrebrhan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ifeoluwa Ayilara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tamiko Hisanaga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cassidy N G Erdelyan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Patrick Lloyd[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Oliver Lung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Davor Ojkic[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Claire M Jardine[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Loren Matheson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Darwyn Kobasa[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Zvonimir Poljak[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Samira Mubareka[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Richard Webby[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Yohannes Berhane[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40996885
- DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116346
The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has led to unprecedented spillover and spread among US dairy cows, raising concerns about transmission to other ruminants. We inoculated two groups of lactating goats via intramammary and respiratory routes with Cow-H5N1 (genotype B3.13) or avian-H5N1 (genotype B1.2) virus. Both groups developed severe clinical mastitis and shed viruses in milk, resulting in transmission to suckling kids. Viral RNA was detected in nasal and oral swabs and various tissues, and virus-neutralizing antibodies were present in serum, milk, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In vitro, both viruses replicated efficiently in goat respiratory and mammary epithelial cells. Mammary tissue expresses both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors. These findings demonstrate that goats are highly susceptible to H5N1 infection, with mammary tropism facilitating transmission to offspring, and underscore the need for increased surveillance in ruminant livestock.
Keywords: CP: Microbiology; goats; influenza A(H5N1); mammary glands; milk; neutralizing antibodies; respiratory.