sharon sanders
Editor-in-Chief & President
Outbreak Notice
Yellow Fever Alert for Brazil - Updated
This information is current as of today, July 29, 2008 at 19:24
Updated: July 29, 2008
Situation Information
Updated yellow fever risk map
for Brazil
On January 8, 2008, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MOH) announced a yellow fever disease alert for tourists and diplomats residing in Brazil, due to a number of suspected and confirmed human yellow fever cases during December 2007 and January 2008.
As of June 11, 2008, 45 confirmed cases of yellow fever have been reported, including 25 deaths. Among the most recent cases, two human yellow fever cases have been reported in the State of S?o Paulo near the ecologic reserve of Jata?, specifically in the rural areas of Luiz Ant?nio and S?o Carlos. This area is beyond the southeastern edge of previously identified yellow fever risk areas in S?o Paulo. Additionally, there have been two cases of human yellow fever reported from rural areas in central west Parana State (in the rural area of Laranjal). Although the map of yellow fever risk areas in Brazil represents the best understanding of current risk, this is an evolving situation, and cases may occur outside the boundaries of the areas indicated in the map.
The Brazilian MOH alert states that travelers to ?areas of risk? for yellow fever should be vaccinated 10 days before going to such areas. In addition to areas previously identified in CDC?s guidance to travelers, the Brazilian MOH has identified two additional states with yellow fever risk: the northern part of Espiritu Santo and the western part of Santa Catarina.
Brazil currently does not require yellow fever vaccination for persons entering Brazil (see Brazil country-specific requirements). The new yellow fever vaccination recommendation by Brazil for travelers is to protect the travelers? health in response to this recent situation.
Recommendations for Travelers
Travelers are strongly advised to follow the CDC yellow fever vaccination recommendations for Brazil, with the addition of the northern part of Espiritu Santo state and the western part of Santa Catarina state. The Federal District of Brasilia is also an endemic area. Rural areas of Luiz Ant?nio and S?o Carlos in S?o Paulo State, as well as areas in central west Parana State should be considered possible risk areas for yellow fever.
The Brazilian MOH has recommended vaccination of travelers >6 months of age. Because of increased risk of severe adverse events following vaccination among infants <9 months of age and among travelers >60 years of age, CDC recommends that parents of infants <9 months and travelers >60 years should discuss with their physicians the risks and benefits of vaccination for travel to Brazil.
Since yellow fever is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito, travelers are also reminded to:
Since late 2007, emerging yellow fever disease has been reported in monkeys and humans from many South American countries. For reports of geographic expansion of yellow fever in other South American countries, please see CDC?s travel notices about yellow fever in Argentina and Paraguay.
For more information about the emerging yellow fever situation in South America, see the following announcements:
<!-- content_ends_here //--> Content Source:
Division of Global Migration and Quarantine
National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases
Page Last Reviewed: July 29, 2008
Page Last Modified: July 29, 2008
http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/contentYellowFeverBrazil.aspx
Yellow Fever Alert for Brazil - Updated
This information is current as of today, July 29, 2008 at 19:24
Updated: July 29, 2008
Situation Information
for Brazil
On January 8, 2008, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MOH) announced a yellow fever disease alert for tourists and diplomats residing in Brazil, due to a number of suspected and confirmed human yellow fever cases during December 2007 and January 2008.
As of June 11, 2008, 45 confirmed cases of yellow fever have been reported, including 25 deaths. Among the most recent cases, two human yellow fever cases have been reported in the State of S?o Paulo near the ecologic reserve of Jata?, specifically in the rural areas of Luiz Ant?nio and S?o Carlos. This area is beyond the southeastern edge of previously identified yellow fever risk areas in S?o Paulo. Additionally, there have been two cases of human yellow fever reported from rural areas in central west Parana State (in the rural area of Laranjal). Although the map of yellow fever risk areas in Brazil represents the best understanding of current risk, this is an evolving situation, and cases may occur outside the boundaries of the areas indicated in the map.
The Brazilian MOH alert states that travelers to ?areas of risk? for yellow fever should be vaccinated 10 days before going to such areas. In addition to areas previously identified in CDC?s guidance to travelers, the Brazilian MOH has identified two additional states with yellow fever risk: the northern part of Espiritu Santo and the western part of Santa Catarina.
Brazil currently does not require yellow fever vaccination for persons entering Brazil (see Brazil country-specific requirements). The new yellow fever vaccination recommendation by Brazil for travelers is to protect the travelers? health in response to this recent situation.
Recommendations for Travelers
Travelers are strongly advised to follow the CDC yellow fever vaccination recommendations for Brazil, with the addition of the northern part of Espiritu Santo state and the western part of Santa Catarina state. The Federal District of Brasilia is also an endemic area. Rural areas of Luiz Ant?nio and S?o Carlos in S?o Paulo State, as well as areas in central west Parana State should be considered possible risk areas for yellow fever.
The Brazilian MOH has recommended vaccination of travelers >6 months of age. Because of increased risk of severe adverse events following vaccination among infants <9 months of age and among travelers >60 years of age, CDC recommends that parents of infants <9 months and travelers >60 years should discuss with their physicians the risks and benefits of vaccination for travel to Brazil.
Since yellow fever is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito, travelers are also reminded to:
- Use insect repellent on exposed skin surfaces when outdoors, particularly during the day.
- Repellents containing 30% to 50% DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) are recommended for adults. Lower concentrations of DEET offer shorter-term protection and require more frequent reapplication.
- Repellents containing picaridin are available in the United States in formulations of up to 15% concentration, which require frequent reapplication. Repellents with higher concentrations of picaridin may be available in some regions outside the United States.
- For additional information regarding the use of repellent on infants and children, please see the ?Insect and Other Arthropod Protection? in Traveling Safely with Infants and Children and the ?Children? section of CDC?s Frequently Asked Questions about Repellent Use.
- Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outdoors. Clothing may also be sprayed with repellent containing permethrin or another EPA-registered repellent for greater protection. (Remember: don't use permethrin on skin.)
Since late 2007, emerging yellow fever disease has been reported in monkeys and humans from many South American countries. For reports of geographic expansion of yellow fever in other South American countries, please see CDC?s travel notices about yellow fever in Argentina and Paraguay.
For more information about the emerging yellow fever situation in South America, see the following announcements:
- Notices from the Ministry of Health in Brazil, see: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/febreamarela/noticias.php
- Update from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) dated February 11, 2008: Jungle Yellow Fever (JYF) in Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina
- Yellow fever (including precautions and contraindications to vaccine)
- Yellow Fever Vaccine Requirements and Information on Malaria Risk and Prophylaxis, by Country
<!-- content_ends_here //--> Content Source:
Division of Global Migration and Quarantine
National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases
Page Last Reviewed: July 29, 2008
Page Last Modified: July 29, 2008
http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/contentYellowFeverBrazil.aspx