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Cameroon - Polio 2013/2014

Ronan Kelly

Ronan Kelly

Retired 2020
Polio this week - As of 23 October 2013

One wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) case has been confirmed in Cameroon. This is the first WPV in the country since 2009. WPV1 was isolated from an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case from Ouest province, with onset of paralysis on 1 October 2013. Genetic sequencing is on-going to determine origin of the isolated virus.
...

- See more at: http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspx#sthash.ZEtERdSq.dpuf
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Cameroon Reports First Polio Case Since 2009

....
the west central Africa nation of Cameroon has reported its first WPV case since 2009 in Ouest province.

The GPEI said an outbreak response is now being planned. In 2013, five large-scale supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) have already been conducted in Cameroon (in April, May, August, September and October), as the country was considered at high-risk of re-infection due to its proximity with Nigeria. The latest National immunization days (NIDs) were conducted 11-13 October.
...
http://www.cameroononline.org/2013/10/25/cameroon-reports-first-polio-case-since-2009/
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Source: http://www.theglobaldispatch.com/pa...ameroon-reports-a-second-case-of-polio-44296/


Published On: Fri, Nov 15th, 2013
Outbreak News / World News | By Robert Herriman
Pakistan polio total this year tops 2012 number, Cameroon reports a second case of polio

...The African nation of Cameroon is reporting its second case of WPV 1 this week. This follows a confirmed case reported in mid-October. Prior to October, the last case of polio reported from the country was in 2009...
 
Cameroon - Polio 2013

Cameroon - Polio 2013

[Source: World Health Organization, full page: (LINK). Edited.]


Wild poliovirus in Cameroon

D.O.N. / 21 November 2013


Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) has been confirmed in Cameroon, the first wild poliovirus in the country since 2009. Wild poliovirus was isolated from two acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases from West Region. The patients developed paralysis on 1 October and 19 October 2013. Genetic sequencing indicates that these viruses are linked to wild poliovirus last detected in Chad in 2011.

An emergency outbreak response plan is being finalized, including at least three national immunization days (NIDs), the first of which was conducted on 25-27 October 2013.

Subnational immunization days (SNIDs) will be implemented in December 2013, followed by two subsequent national immunization days in January and February 2014.

Routine immunization rates are reported to be approximately 85.3 percent for oral polio vaccine (OPV3). A response in neighbouring countries is also being planned, notably in Chad and Central African Republic.

Considering that this strain was last detected in the region in 2011, plans are also being developed to strengthen surveillance activities starting with a detailed analysis of sub-national surveillance sensitivity across the region to more clearly ascertain any gaps.

In 2013, Cameroon also reported four cases due to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in the Far North region. The patients developed paralysis between 9 May and 12 August 2013. The viruses are linked to circulation in Chad, which was also detected in Nigeria and Niger.

In response, several large-scale supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) had been conducted during the months of August and September, followed by the full national immunization days in October 2013.

This event confirms the risk of ongoing international spread of a pathogen (wild poliovirus) slated for eradication.

Given the history of international spread of polio from northern Nigeria across West and Central Africa and subnational surveillance gaps, WHO assesses the risk of further international spread across the region as high.

It is important that all countries, in particular those with frequent travel and contacts with polio-affected countries and areas, strengthen surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis cases in order to rapidly detect any new virus importations and to facilitate a rapid response.

Countries, territories and areas should also maintain uniformly high routine immunization coverage at the district level to minimize the consequences of any new virus introduction.


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Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Source: http://www.theglobaldispatch.com/ca...clares-polio-a-public-health-emergency-14339/


Published On: Mon, Dec 2nd, 2013
Outbreak News | By Robert Herriman
Cameroon polio cases up to four, Kenya declares polio a public health emergency

The West Central African country of Cameroon has reported two new wild poliovirus 1 (WPV-1) cases during the past week, bringing the total number of cases to four, according to the latest data from the Global Polio

The first case of WPV-1 in Cameroon was reported in mid to late October this year, the first case in the country since 2009...
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013

Source: http://allafrica.com/stories/201402130104.html

Cameroon: Pentecostal Preachers Blamed for Polio Outbreak in Cameroon
By Ntaryike Divine Jr, 12 February 2014

Having been polio free for nearly 5 years, Cameroon has recently recorded four new cases. Are Pentecostalism's anti-medicine teachings responsible?

Douala - Last year, the government of Cameroon initiated a clampdown on illegal Pentecostal churches.

According to the government, there were around 500 Pentecostal churches operating in the country without a licence, and the authorities' lenience up to then had allowed "an anarchical proliferation of those churches, engaging in all kinds of negative, indecent and harmful practices."...
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013/2014

Source: http://www.theglobaldispatch.com/polio-transmission-continues-in-cameroon-69775/


Published On: Fri, Mar 14th, 2014
Outbreak News | By Robert Herriman
Polio transmission continues in Cameroon


The transmission of polio continues into 2014 in the west Central African country of Cameroon, according to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Wednesday.

Two new wild poliovirus 1 (WPV1) cases were reported in the past week, with onset of paralysis on 6 and 25 January...
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013/2014

Poliovirus in Cameroon ? update

Disease outbreak news

17 MARCH 2014 - In Cameroon, three additional wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases have been reported with onset of paralysis on 6, 25, and 31 January 2014 from three new regions (North West, Adamaoua, and Centre) confirming continued WPV transmission and geographic expansion of infected areas following detection of four cases in October 2013. In total, seven WPV1 cases have now been reported from West, North West, Centre and Adamaoua Regions, with onset of paralysis ranging from 1 October 2013 to 31 January 2014. Genetic sequencing of WPV1 isolates suggests prolonged undetected circulation of poliovirus. Due to continued poliovirus circulation in Cameroon, gaps in surveillance, and influx of vulnerable refugee populations from Central African Republic, WHO is elevating the risk assessment of international spread of polio from Cameroon to very high.

Following confirmation of the outbreak in October 2013, Cameroon conducted three nationwide immunization campaigns with a fourth nationwide activity starting on 9 March 2014. Even though independent monitoring suggests some improvements, serious gaps in quality remain (both in implementation and monitoring) which must be urgently addressed. Quality varies greatly by region. The main reason for non-vaccination of children is that houses had not been visited (43% of non-vaccinated children). Analysis of overall population immunity (non-polio acute flaccid paralysis data 6-59 months) suggests upwards of 40% of children remain under-immunized (with 30% having received zero doses of oral polio vaccine ? OPV). The continuation and expanding spread of transmission indicates serious gaps in quality of outbreak response.
...
http://who.int/csr/don/2013_03_17_polio/en/
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013/2014

Source: http://www.theglobaldispatch.com/equatorial-guinea-reports-polio-case-first-since-1999/

...Concerning polio in Cameroon, one new WPV1 case was reported in the past week, with onset of paralysis on 31 January 2014, confirming continued WPV1 transmission and geographic expansion of infected areas following detection of cases in October.

This brings the total to three cases in 2014 and seven since last fall.

The confirmation of new cases in Cameroon has resulted in planning additional emergency outbreak response activities, including converting a subnational immunization campaign to a full nationwide activity in April 2014, and implementing nationwide campaigns in May and June 2014...
 
Re: Polio spread in Cameroon - which borders troubled CAR - a concern: WHO expert

Re: Polio spread in Cameroon - which borders troubled CAR - a concern: WHO expert

Polio in Cameroon

Updated: April 17, 2014

What is the current situation?

According to the Global Polio Eradication InitiativeExternal Web Site Icon, as of January 31, 2014, 3 cases of polio have been reported in Cameroon for 2014. There were also 4 cases reported in 2013. This outbreak of polio is the first reported in Cameroon since 2009.

CDC recommends that all travelers to Cameroon be fully vaccinated against polio. In addition, adults should receive a one-time booster dose of polio vaccine.

Because of the risk of cross-border transmission, CDC recommends a one-time booster dose of polio vaccine for fully vaccinated adults who are traveling to Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Republic of Congo, and Gabon to work in health care facilities, refugee camps, or other humanitarian aid settings. This kind of work might put people in contact with someone who has polio.

For travelers to the bordering country of Nigeria, where polio remains endemic, CDC also recommends that all adults receive a one-time booster dose of polio vaccine.

CDC
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013/2014 - Continued wild poliovirus circulation

Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013/2014 - Continued wild poliovirus circulation

WHO - DON

Poliovirus in Cameroon – update

06/09/2014

6 September 2014 – In Cameroon, two new wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases were reported from the East Region, with onset of paralysis on 26 June 2014 and 9 July 2014. Genetic sequencing of these latest isolated viruses confirms continued wild poliovirus circulation, gaps in surveillance resulting in undetected transmission and geographic expansion to new areas of the country.


The outbreak in Cameroon has been ongoing since at least October 2013. The outbreak continued into 2014, with international spread to Equatorial Guinea. In March 2014, WHO elevated the risk assessment of international spread of polio from Cameroon to very high, due to expanding circulation and influx of vulnerable refugee populations from Central African Republic (CAR). This risk assessment remains in place. Further undetected circulation in Cameroon cannot be ruled out. Moreover, the risk of virus spreading into CAR is considered to be particularly high given the large-scale population movements from CAR into Cameroon.

In May 2014, the Director-General of WHO declared the international spread of wild poliovirus to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), under the International Health Regulations. Cameroon is one of the countries that meets the criteria for ‘states currently exporting wild poliovirus’ and was therefore recommended to implement extraordinary measures to mitigate the risk of further international spread.

Cameroon has conducted seven nationwide supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) in 2014. The next subnational SIAs are planned for 23-26 August and 4-7 September in 2 regions (East and Adamaoua ) of the country, aiming to reach children aged less than ten years, and all age groups in formal and informal refugee camps. On 22 August, CAR started a series of five sub-national polio immunization activities that will cover the western half of the country and which will end with the September synchronized round covering the central block countries of the African region.


Outbreak response quality to date in Cameroon has varied by geographic area. The confirmation of new cases and undetected, geographically-expanded spread of transmission, has resulted in planning additional emergency outbreak response activities. Critical to success will be to ensure substantial improvement in the quality campaigns that reach all children multiple times with OPV. Equally important will be efforts to rapidly improve the quality of surveillance so that the full extent of the outbreak can be determined and tracked.


It is important that all countries, in particular those with frequent travel and contacts with polio-affected countries and areas, strengthen surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis cases in order to rapidly detect any new virus importations and to facilitate a rapid response. Countries, territories and areas should also maintain uniformly high routine immunization coverage at the district level to minimize the consequences of any new virus introduction.


Vaccination recommendations for travellers to polio-affected areas are published in WHO’s International Travel and Health.
 
Re: Cameroon - Polio 2013/2014

Source: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/cameroon_75739.html

In Cameroon, struggling to address a polio outbreak
By Vikas Verma

While an outbreak of polio in eastern Cameroon has brought urgent efforts to immunize refugees from the Central African Republic, the threat remains that it may spread further.

KETTE, Cameroon, 11 September 2014 ? Since violence erupted in the Central African Republic in December 2013, more than 125,000 refugees have fled to neighbouring Cameroon. One of them is 38-year-old Awoua. Her husband was killed in the Central African Republic, and now she must support her six children on her own ? including her 18-month-old son, Amadou, who was recently diagnosed with polio.

An epidemic of wild poliovirus centered in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea is spreading internationally and threatening the whole region. Since the onset of the outbreak in October 2013, nine cases have been confirmed in Cameroon...
 
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