tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
The Journal of Virology, November 2011,p. 11995-12000, Vol. 85, No. 22
0022-538X/11/$12.00+0 doi:10.1128/JVI.05213-11
Annual Vaccination against Influenza Virus Hampers Development of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Immunity in Children{triangledown}
Rogier Bodewes,1 Pieter L. A. Fraaij,1,2 Martina M. Geelhoed-Mieras,1 Carel A. van Baalen,3 Harm A. W. M. Tiddens,4 Annemarie M. C. van Rossum,5 Fiona R. van der Klis,6 Ron A. M. Fouchier,1 Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus,1,3, and Guus F. Rimmelzwaan1,3*
Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,1 Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,2 ViroClinics Biosciences B.V., Rotterdam, The Netherlands,3 Department of Pediatrics, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,5 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands6
Received 26 May 2011/ Accepted 23 August 2011
Infection with seasonal influenza A viruses induces immunity to potentially pandemic influenza A viruses of other subtypes (heterosubtypic immunity). We recently demonstrated that vaccination against seasonal influenza prevented the induction of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A/H5N1 virus induced by infection with seasonal influenza in animal models, which correlated with the absence of virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Annual vaccination of all healthy children against influenza has been recommended, but the impact of vaccination on the development of the virus-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in children is currently unknown. Here we compared the virus-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in children vaccinated annually with that in unvaccinated children. In the present study, we compared influenza A virus-specific cellular and humoral responses of unvaccinated healthy control children with those of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were vaccinated annually. Similar virus-specific CD4+ T cell and antibody responses were observed, while an age-dependent increase of the virus-specific CD8+ T cell response that was absent in vaccinated CF children was observed in unvaccinated healthy control children. Our results indicate that annual influenza vaccination is effective against seasonal influenza but hampers the development of virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The consequences of these findings are discussed in the light of the development of protective immunity to seasonal and future pandemic influenza viruses.
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/short/85/22/11995?rss=1
0022-538X/11/$12.00+0 doi:10.1128/JVI.05213-11
Annual Vaccination against Influenza Virus Hampers Development of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Immunity in Children{triangledown}
Rogier Bodewes,1 Pieter L. A. Fraaij,1,2 Martina M. Geelhoed-Mieras,1 Carel A. van Baalen,3 Harm A. W. M. Tiddens,4 Annemarie M. C. van Rossum,5 Fiona R. van der Klis,6 Ron A. M. Fouchier,1 Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus,1,3, and Guus F. Rimmelzwaan1,3*
Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,1 Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,2 ViroClinics Biosciences B.V., Rotterdam, The Netherlands,3 Department of Pediatrics, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,5 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands6
Received 26 May 2011/ Accepted 23 August 2011
Infection with seasonal influenza A viruses induces immunity to potentially pandemic influenza A viruses of other subtypes (heterosubtypic immunity). We recently demonstrated that vaccination against seasonal influenza prevented the induction of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A/H5N1 virus induced by infection with seasonal influenza in animal models, which correlated with the absence of virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Annual vaccination of all healthy children against influenza has been recommended, but the impact of vaccination on the development of the virus-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in children is currently unknown. Here we compared the virus-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in children vaccinated annually with that in unvaccinated children. In the present study, we compared influenza A virus-specific cellular and humoral responses of unvaccinated healthy control children with those of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were vaccinated annually. Similar virus-specific CD4+ T cell and antibody responses were observed, while an age-dependent increase of the virus-specific CD8+ T cell response that was absent in vaccinated CF children was observed in unvaccinated healthy control children. Our results indicate that annual influenza vaccination is effective against seasonal influenza but hampers the development of virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The consequences of these findings are discussed in the light of the development of protective immunity to seasonal and future pandemic influenza viruses.
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/short/85/22/11995?rss=1