Treyfish
Moderator
<TABLE class=formlayout id=apex_layout_271110100662109808 summary=""><TBODY><TR><TD noWrap align=left>:tiphat: ..jus wondering how African"AFS" and human Swine 09 would act if they could possibly mix:yinyang:
</TD></TR><TR><TD noWrap align=right>Subject</TD><TD noWrap align=left>PRO/AH> African swine fever - Russia (09): (KL), Ukraine avoids</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
17-OCT-2009
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER - RUSSIA (09): (KALMYKIA), UKRAINE AVOIDS*************************************************************A ProMED-mail post<http://www.promedmail.org>ProMED-mail is a program of theInternational Society for Infectious Diseases<http://www.isid.org>In this update:[1] ASF - Russia (Kalmykia)[2] ASF threat - Russia, Belgorod oblast[3] ASF (control upon animal feed transport) - Russia, Nijegorodskaya oblast[4] ASF threat - Ukraine, Kramatorsk[5] ASF threat - Ukraine, Mariupol & Donetzk******[1] ASF - Russia (Kalmykia)Date: Wed 14 Oct 2009Source: alt.kp.ru/online/news [Russian, trans. ATS, edited]<http://alt.kp.ru/online/news/554734/>ASF appeared in the Republic of Kalmykia----------------------------------------Cases of African swine fever [ASF] have been found in the village Yashalta on 13 Oct 2009. The veterinary services of the [Republic of] Kalmykia announced quarantine measures.Rospotrebnadzor informs that the cases were laboratory confirmed in the Russian Veterinary Institute in the city Pokrov in Vladimir oblast. Traffic control posts have been set around the village in connection with the quarantine. IA "Novosti" reported a similar outbreak in Rostov oblast at the end of the last month [Sep 2009; see 20091009.3494. - Mod.AS].-- communicated by
roMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[The location of the Republic of Kalmykia, in the Southern Federal District of Russia, can be seen at <http://www.russiasregions.com/southern_federal_district.html> (go to No 34). - Mod.AS]******[2] ASF threat - Russia, Belgorod oblastDate: Tue 13 Oct 2009Source: bel.ru/news [Russian; trans. ATS, edited]<http://www.bel.ru/news/region/2009/10/13/41485.html>Rosselkhoznadzor: the region becomes an ASF risk zone-----------------------------------------------------An outbreak of ASF has been registered in Rostov oblast recently; the 2nd this year. The infection could spread to Belgorod oblast as well, which is now considered as a zone at risk. The regional Rosselkhoznadzor informs that another ASF outbreak has been registered in Salskiy rayon of Rostov oblast last spring [see 20090410.1376]. About 2100 swine were destroyed that time. 4000 animals have been already destroyed in 3 rayons of Rostov due to the current outbreak. The specialists consider that the human factor plays a role in these outbreaks. The farm workers are often not well informed or simply neglect prevention rules. There are about 2 million swine in the farms of Belgorod oblast and all are at risk now. The specialists of Rosselkhoznadzor perform inspections in the region together with veterinary services and they have found numerous violations of veterinary rules.The managers of farms have received letters from Rosselkhoznadzor telling about the necessity of preventive measures, like restrictions of animal movements in and out. The traffic control posts are checking private luggage so that to identify the carriers of goods that haven't been veterinary inspected. The goods are being confiscated and destroyed. Several incidents have already been registered and the carriers have been fined. The specialists of Rosselkhoznadzor recommend the farm owners to buy animals under close supervision of Belgorod state veterinary services and use only tested forage [Probably this means animal feed from officially approved sources; informants are invited to fill-in. - Mod.AS].-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[Belgorov oblast is situated in the Central Federal District of Russia, neighbouring the Southern Federal District on its north; see map at <http://www.russiasregions.com/southern_federal_district.html>, where Belgorod is No 1, bordering Ukraine. - Mod.AS]******[3] ASF (control upon animal feed transport) - Russia, Nijegorodskaya oblastDate: Wed 14 Oct 2009Source: IA regnum.ru/news/ [Russian; trans. ATS, edited]<http://www.regnum.ru/news/1214767.html>Batch of grain from Dagestan being tested for ASF virus in Nijegorodskaya oblast-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 trucks with grain cargo from Dagestan were suspended in the border of Nijegorodskaya oblast. According to the correspondent of IA Regnum Novosti the state veterinary services suspected that the cargo could be contaminated with ASF virus. The samples of grain were sent for testing. The trucks will be released only after the results of testing arrive. This sort of measure is part of prevention activities against the spread of ASF and is connected with recent ASF outbreak in Rostov.-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[It will be interesting to note to which laboratory the fodder sample(s) was/were sent, which testing mode is being applied, and upon which criteria the consignment may be declared "safe". If the consignment comes from a location known or suspected to be infected, and if its exposure to infected animals (for example, wild boars) cannot be excluded, will a negative laboratory test result render the consignment the green light? - Mod.ASA map of Nijegorodskaya oblast is available at <http://www.maplandia.com/russia/novgorodskaya-oblast/>. - Mod.SH]******[4] ASF risk of spread - Eastern Ukraine, KramatorskDate: Wed 14 Oct 2009Source: vp.donetsk.ua [Russian, trans. ATS, edited]<http://vp.donetsk.ua/statya.php?vstat=3566>Krematorsk declared at risk for ASF-----------------------------------The emergency anti-epidemic committee of the city [Krematorsk] administration met on 13 Oct 2009 to discuss how to prevent the spread of ASF virus into Krematorsk farms. The head of the regional veterinary administration, Nelly Goncharuk, informed that ASF outbreaks have been registered in South Russia.In Rostov oblast, which borders with Donetsk oblast of Ukraine, about 5000 animals have been destroyed in farms and private yards. There is only one swine farm in Krematorks with 650 animals, and 1500 swine are being held in private yards. The committee developed several prevention measures. Launching an information campaign among private swine owners is one of them. The owners are advised to consult with a veterinarian immediately if there are any concerns about the health of the animal. Any attempts to fix the situation at their own are discouraged.The members of the committee consider the risk of spread as being realistic. The surveillance upon markets, cafes and shops, which trade animal products, are intensified. The products without veterinary certificate will not be allowed. The only "weak spots" are unregulated, spontaneous street markets where the products of unknown origin are being sold commonly without any control.-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>******[5] ASF threat - Eastern Ukraine, Mariupol & DonetskDate: Tue 13 Oct 2009Source: novosti.dn.ua [Russian, trans. ATS, edited]<http://novosti.dn.ua/details/99011/>Prevention of ASF is on place in Mariupol-----------------------------------------All swine farms in Mariupol and Donetsk oblast moved to "closed" regime of work. The movements of unauthorized vehicles, persons and animals will be forbidden. All the territory will be disinfected [an extremely ambitious, probably unrealistic undertaking. - Mod.AS] and rat extermination will be carried out.All these activities are recommended by the oblast emergency committee, which was called for ASF epizootic situation. The head veterinarian of Mariupol Constantine Gorodetskiy informed that there are only 4 swine farms with 540 animals within the city territory. All will be under thorough veterinary control.The government did not hurry to announce the Donetsk oblast as a buffer zone against ASF, an announcement which has been considered because the Donetsk oblast borders with Rostov, where ASF outbreaks have been registered recently. Such a declared status would mean the extermination of all swine population within 100 km from the border. Instead, the border control measures have been intensified with combined forces of veterinary services, border control and customs.-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[The 3 Ukrainian provinces Kramatorsk, Mariupol and Donetzk are situated in the east and south east, bordering Southern Russia. Clearly, the spread of ASF in southern Russia in north-western direction is a serious threat to neighbouring Ukraine and beyond.In Russia itself, the disease has already been reported from 9 separate main administrative regions, all included within the Southern Federal District (map at <http://www.russiasregions.com/southern_federal_district.html>. The reportedly infected regions were (in chronological order) are Chechnya, North Ossetia-Alania, Orenburg, Ingushetia, Stavropol, Krasnodar, Rostov, Dagestan and now Kalmykia. The Rostob oblast borders Ukraine.The following information, concerning the transmission and control of ASF, is derived from the disease factsheets of the Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA, at <http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/african_swine_fever.pdf>.1. Transmission---------------African swine fever can be transmitted by direct contact with infected animals, indirect contact on fomites, and tick vectors. Transmission during direct contact is usually by oronasal spread. Aerosol transmission is thought to be unimportant, and only seems to occur over short distances when pigs are in close contact. African swine fever virus can be found in all tissues and body fluids, but particularly high levels are found in the blood. Massive environmental contamination may result if blood is shed during necropsies or pig fights, or if a pig develops bloody diarrhea. The virus can also spread on fomites, including vehicles, feed, and equipment. There is evidence that some pigs may become carriers.African swine fever often spreads to new areas when pigs are fed uncooked scraps that contain ASFV-infected pork. In one outbreak, pigs became infected after being fed the intestines of guinea fowl that had eaten infected ticks. The African swine fever virus is highly resistant to environmental conditions. It can survive for a year and a half in blood stored at 4 deg C (39 deg F), 11 days in feces at room temperature, and at least a month in contaminated pig pens. The virus will also remain infectious for 150 days in boned meat stored at 3.9 deg C (39 deg F), 140 days in salted dried hams, and several years in frozen carcasses.African swine fever is also spread through the bite of infected _Ornithodoros_ spp. soft ticks. In tick populations, transstadial, transovarial, and sexual transmission occur. In Africa, ASFV is thought to cycle between newborn warthogs and the soft ticks (_Ornithodoros moubata_) that live in their burrows. Individual ticks can apparently remain infected for life, and infected soft tick colonies can maintain this virus for years. _Ornithodoros erraticus_ became infected with ASFV when the virus was enzootic in Spain and Portugal, and additional Ornithodoros spp have been infected in the laboratory.Other bloodsucking insects, such as mosquitoes and biting flies, may also be able to transmit the virus mechanically. Stable flies (_Stomoxys calcitrans_) can carry high levels of the virus for 2 days. Under experimental conditions, these flies could transmit ASFV 24 hours after feeding on infected pigs.2. Control----------To prevent introduction of the ASF virus [ASFV] into areas free of the disease, all garbage fed to pigs should be cooked. Unprocessed meat must be heated to at least 70 deg C (158 deg F) for 30 minutes to inactivate the virus; 30 minutes at 60 deg C (140 deg F) is sufficient for serum and bodily fluids. ASF is a highly contagious disease. Eradication is by slaughter of infected and in-contact animals, and disposal of carcasses, often by burying, rendering, or burning. Rapid diagnosis and the prevention of disease spread to feral or wild pigs is very important. Strict quarantines must be imposed. ASFV can survive for long periods on fomites and in the environment, and sanitation and disinfection are important in preventing further spread. Many common disinfectants are ineffective; care should be taken to use a disinfectant specifically approved for African swine fever. Sodium hypochlorite and some iodine and quaternary ammonium compounds are effective.Potential tick vectors should be controlled with acaricides. In outbreaks, a detailed entomological investigation should be conducted to investigate the possible role of local soft tick vectors and their potential for becoming long term carriers. Although _Ornithodoros moubata_ is an important long-term vector in Africa, and _Ornithodoros erraticus_ became chronically infected in Spain and Portugal, Ornithodoros ticks never became chronically infected during outbreaks in South America. In addition, biting insects that may be able to transmit the virus mechanically should be controlled. No treatment or vaccine exists for this disease, and an ASF vaccine is unlikely to be developed soon.3. Public health----------------Humans are not susceptible to African swine fever virus. - Mod.AS][see also:African swine fever - Russia (07): (DA, RO) 20091009.3494African swine fever - Russia (06): (DA), OIE 20090926.3371African swine fever - Russia (05): (RO) 20090410.1376African swine fever - Russia (04): (STA) 20090328.1203African swine fever - Russia (03): (STA) 20090319.1102African swine fever - Russia (02): (STA,KDA) 20090117.0192African swine fever - Russia: (STA) 20090113.01392008---African swine fever - Russia (10): (KDA, IN), OIE, (STA) 20081114.3596African swine fever - Russia (09): (STA), clarification 20081104.3475African swine fever - Russia (08): (STA), stamping out 20081030.3418African swine fever - Russia (07): (Stavropol) OIE 20081025.33722007---African swine fever - Georgia, Armenia: FAO 20071004.3275African swine fever - Armenia (05) 20071231.4195African swine fever - Armenia (04): (Ararat) 20071213.4013African swine fever - Armenia (03) 20071021.3430African swine fever - Georgia, Armenia: FAO 20071004.3275African swine fever - Armenia (02) 20070922.3150African swine fever - Georgia (11): SDC mission report 20070920.3131African swine fever - Georgia (10): Abkhazia Auton. Rep. 20070821.2737African swine fever - Georgia (09): OIE 20070820.2724African swine fever - Georgia (08) 20070817.2689African swine fever - Georgia (07): EC/FAO/OIE 20070627.2066African swine fever - Georgia (06) 20070615.1954African swine fever - Georgia (05) 20070611.1901African swine fever - Georgia (04): FAO 20070610.1891African swine fever - Georgia (03): genotype 20070609.1886African swine fever - Georgia (02): OIE 20070608.1860African swine fever - Georgia: OIE 20070607.1845]....................arn/ejp/sh:tiphat:http://www.promedmail.com/pls/otn/f..._BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,79657</PRE>
</TD></TR><TR><TD noWrap align=right>Subject</TD><TD noWrap align=left>PRO/AH> African swine fever - Russia (09): (KL), Ukraine avoids</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
17-OCT-2009
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER - RUSSIA (09): (KALMYKIA), UKRAINE AVOIDS*************************************************************A ProMED-mail post<http://www.promedmail.org>ProMED-mail is a program of theInternational Society for Infectious Diseases<http://www.isid.org>In this update:[1] ASF - Russia (Kalmykia)[2] ASF threat - Russia, Belgorod oblast[3] ASF (control upon animal feed transport) - Russia, Nijegorodskaya oblast[4] ASF threat - Ukraine, Kramatorsk[5] ASF threat - Ukraine, Mariupol & Donetzk******[1] ASF - Russia (Kalmykia)Date: Wed 14 Oct 2009Source: alt.kp.ru/online/news [Russian, trans. ATS, edited]<http://alt.kp.ru/online/news/554734/>ASF appeared in the Republic of Kalmykia----------------------------------------Cases of African swine fever [ASF] have been found in the village Yashalta on 13 Oct 2009. The veterinary services of the [Republic of] Kalmykia announced quarantine measures.Rospotrebnadzor informs that the cases were laboratory confirmed in the Russian Veterinary Institute in the city Pokrov in Vladimir oblast. Traffic control posts have been set around the village in connection with the quarantine. IA "Novosti" reported a similar outbreak in Rostov oblast at the end of the last month [Sep 2009; see 20091009.3494. - Mod.AS].-- communicated by
roMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[The location of the Republic of Kalmykia, in the Southern Federal District of Russia, can be seen at <http://www.russiasregions.com/southern_federal_district.html> (go to No 34). - Mod.AS]******[2] ASF threat - Russia, Belgorod oblastDate: Tue 13 Oct 2009Source: bel.ru/news [Russian; trans. ATS, edited]<http://www.bel.ru/news/region/2009/10/13/41485.html>Rosselkhoznadzor: the region becomes an ASF risk zone-----------------------------------------------------An outbreak of ASF has been registered in Rostov oblast recently; the 2nd this year. The infection could spread to Belgorod oblast as well, which is now considered as a zone at risk. The regional Rosselkhoznadzor informs that another ASF outbreak has been registered in Salskiy rayon of Rostov oblast last spring [see 20090410.1376]. About 2100 swine were destroyed that time. 4000 animals have been already destroyed in 3 rayons of Rostov due to the current outbreak. The specialists consider that the human factor plays a role in these outbreaks. The farm workers are often not well informed or simply neglect prevention rules. There are about 2 million swine in the farms of Belgorod oblast and all are at risk now. The specialists of Rosselkhoznadzor perform inspections in the region together with veterinary services and they have found numerous violations of veterinary rules.The managers of farms have received letters from Rosselkhoznadzor telling about the necessity of preventive measures, like restrictions of animal movements in and out. The traffic control posts are checking private luggage so that to identify the carriers of goods that haven't been veterinary inspected. The goods are being confiscated and destroyed. Several incidents have already been registered and the carriers have been fined. The specialists of Rosselkhoznadzor recommend the farm owners to buy animals under close supervision of Belgorod state veterinary services and use only tested forage [Probably this means animal feed from officially approved sources; informants are invited to fill-in. - Mod.AS].-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[Belgorov oblast is situated in the Central Federal District of Russia, neighbouring the Southern Federal District on its north; see map at <http://www.russiasregions.com/southern_federal_district.html>, where Belgorod is No 1, bordering Ukraine. - Mod.AS]******[3] ASF (control upon animal feed transport) - Russia, Nijegorodskaya oblastDate: Wed 14 Oct 2009Source: IA regnum.ru/news/ [Russian; trans. ATS, edited]<http://www.regnum.ru/news/1214767.html>Batch of grain from Dagestan being tested for ASF virus in Nijegorodskaya oblast-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 trucks with grain cargo from Dagestan were suspended in the border of Nijegorodskaya oblast. According to the correspondent of IA Regnum Novosti the state veterinary services suspected that the cargo could be contaminated with ASF virus. The samples of grain were sent for testing. The trucks will be released only after the results of testing arrive. This sort of measure is part of prevention activities against the spread of ASF and is connected with recent ASF outbreak in Rostov.-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[It will be interesting to note to which laboratory the fodder sample(s) was/were sent, which testing mode is being applied, and upon which criteria the consignment may be declared "safe". If the consignment comes from a location known or suspected to be infected, and if its exposure to infected animals (for example, wild boars) cannot be excluded, will a negative laboratory test result render the consignment the green light? - Mod.ASA map of Nijegorodskaya oblast is available at <http://www.maplandia.com/russia/novgorodskaya-oblast/>. - Mod.SH]******[4] ASF risk of spread - Eastern Ukraine, KramatorskDate: Wed 14 Oct 2009Source: vp.donetsk.ua [Russian, trans. ATS, edited]<http://vp.donetsk.ua/statya.php?vstat=3566>Krematorsk declared at risk for ASF-----------------------------------The emergency anti-epidemic committee of the city [Krematorsk] administration met on 13 Oct 2009 to discuss how to prevent the spread of ASF virus into Krematorsk farms. The head of the regional veterinary administration, Nelly Goncharuk, informed that ASF outbreaks have been registered in South Russia.In Rostov oblast, which borders with Donetsk oblast of Ukraine, about 5000 animals have been destroyed in farms and private yards. There is only one swine farm in Krematorks with 650 animals, and 1500 swine are being held in private yards. The committee developed several prevention measures. Launching an information campaign among private swine owners is one of them. The owners are advised to consult with a veterinarian immediately if there are any concerns about the health of the animal. Any attempts to fix the situation at their own are discouraged.The members of the committee consider the risk of spread as being realistic. The surveillance upon markets, cafes and shops, which trade animal products, are intensified. The products without veterinary certificate will not be allowed. The only "weak spots" are unregulated, spontaneous street markets where the products of unknown origin are being sold commonly without any control.-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>******[5] ASF threat - Eastern Ukraine, Mariupol & DonetskDate: Tue 13 Oct 2009Source: novosti.dn.ua [Russian, trans. ATS, edited]<http://novosti.dn.ua/details/99011/>Prevention of ASF is on place in Mariupol-----------------------------------------All swine farms in Mariupol and Donetsk oblast moved to "closed" regime of work. The movements of unauthorized vehicles, persons and animals will be forbidden. All the territory will be disinfected [an extremely ambitious, probably unrealistic undertaking. - Mod.AS] and rat extermination will be carried out.All these activities are recommended by the oblast emergency committee, which was called for ASF epizootic situation. The head veterinarian of Mariupol Constantine Gorodetskiy informed that there are only 4 swine farms with 540 animals within the city territory. All will be under thorough veterinary control.The government did not hurry to announce the Donetsk oblast as a buffer zone against ASF, an announcement which has been considered because the Donetsk oblast borders with Rostov, where ASF outbreaks have been registered recently. Such a declared status would mean the extermination of all swine population within 100 km from the border. Instead, the border control measures have been intensified with combined forces of veterinary services, border control and customs.-- communicated byroMED-RUS<rus@promedmail.org>[The 3 Ukrainian provinces Kramatorsk, Mariupol and Donetzk are situated in the east and south east, bordering Southern Russia. Clearly, the spread of ASF in southern Russia in north-western direction is a serious threat to neighbouring Ukraine and beyond.In Russia itself, the disease has already been reported from 9 separate main administrative regions, all included within the Southern Federal District (map at <http://www.russiasregions.com/southern_federal_district.html>. The reportedly infected regions were (in chronological order) are Chechnya, North Ossetia-Alania, Orenburg, Ingushetia, Stavropol, Krasnodar, Rostov, Dagestan and now Kalmykia. The Rostob oblast borders Ukraine.The following information, concerning the transmission and control of ASF, is derived from the disease factsheets of the Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA, at <http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/african_swine_fever.pdf>.1. Transmission---------------African swine fever can be transmitted by direct contact with infected animals, indirect contact on fomites, and tick vectors. Transmission during direct contact is usually by oronasal spread. Aerosol transmission is thought to be unimportant, and only seems to occur over short distances when pigs are in close contact. African swine fever virus can be found in all tissues and body fluids, but particularly high levels are found in the blood. Massive environmental contamination may result if blood is shed during necropsies or pig fights, or if a pig develops bloody diarrhea. The virus can also spread on fomites, including vehicles, feed, and equipment. There is evidence that some pigs may become carriers.African swine fever often spreads to new areas when pigs are fed uncooked scraps that contain ASFV-infected pork. In one outbreak, pigs became infected after being fed the intestines of guinea fowl that had eaten infected ticks. The African swine fever virus is highly resistant to environmental conditions. It can survive for a year and a half in blood stored at 4 deg C (39 deg F), 11 days in feces at room temperature, and at least a month in contaminated pig pens. The virus will also remain infectious for 150 days in boned meat stored at 3.9 deg C (39 deg F), 140 days in salted dried hams, and several years in frozen carcasses.African swine fever is also spread through the bite of infected _Ornithodoros_ spp. soft ticks. In tick populations, transstadial, transovarial, and sexual transmission occur. In Africa, ASFV is thought to cycle between newborn warthogs and the soft ticks (_Ornithodoros moubata_) that live in their burrows. Individual ticks can apparently remain infected for life, and infected soft tick colonies can maintain this virus for years. _Ornithodoros erraticus_ became infected with ASFV when the virus was enzootic in Spain and Portugal, and additional Ornithodoros spp have been infected in the laboratory.Other bloodsucking insects, such as mosquitoes and biting flies, may also be able to transmit the virus mechanically. Stable flies (_Stomoxys calcitrans_) can carry high levels of the virus for 2 days. Under experimental conditions, these flies could transmit ASFV 24 hours after feeding on infected pigs.2. Control----------To prevent introduction of the ASF virus [ASFV] into areas free of the disease, all garbage fed to pigs should be cooked. Unprocessed meat must be heated to at least 70 deg C (158 deg F) for 30 minutes to inactivate the virus; 30 minutes at 60 deg C (140 deg F) is sufficient for serum and bodily fluids. ASF is a highly contagious disease. Eradication is by slaughter of infected and in-contact animals, and disposal of carcasses, often by burying, rendering, or burning. Rapid diagnosis and the prevention of disease spread to feral or wild pigs is very important. Strict quarantines must be imposed. ASFV can survive for long periods on fomites and in the environment, and sanitation and disinfection are important in preventing further spread. Many common disinfectants are ineffective; care should be taken to use a disinfectant specifically approved for African swine fever. Sodium hypochlorite and some iodine and quaternary ammonium compounds are effective.Potential tick vectors should be controlled with acaricides. In outbreaks, a detailed entomological investigation should be conducted to investigate the possible role of local soft tick vectors and their potential for becoming long term carriers. Although _Ornithodoros moubata_ is an important long-term vector in Africa, and _Ornithodoros erraticus_ became chronically infected in Spain and Portugal, Ornithodoros ticks never became chronically infected during outbreaks in South America. In addition, biting insects that may be able to transmit the virus mechanically should be controlled. No treatment or vaccine exists for this disease, and an ASF vaccine is unlikely to be developed soon.3. Public health----------------Humans are not susceptible to African swine fever virus. - Mod.AS][see also:African swine fever - Russia (07): (DA, RO) 20091009.3494African swine fever - Russia (06): (DA), OIE 20090926.3371African swine fever - Russia (05): (RO) 20090410.1376African swine fever - Russia (04): (STA) 20090328.1203African swine fever - Russia (03): (STA) 20090319.1102African swine fever - Russia (02): (STA,KDA) 20090117.0192African swine fever - Russia: (STA) 20090113.01392008---African swine fever - Russia (10): (KDA, IN), OIE, (STA) 20081114.3596African swine fever - Russia (09): (STA), clarification 20081104.3475African swine fever - Russia (08): (STA), stamping out 20081030.3418African swine fever - Russia (07): (Stavropol) OIE 20081025.33722007---African swine fever - Georgia, Armenia: FAO 20071004.3275African swine fever - Armenia (05) 20071231.4195African swine fever - Armenia (04): (Ararat) 20071213.4013African swine fever - Armenia (03) 20071021.3430African swine fever - Georgia, Armenia: FAO 20071004.3275African swine fever - Armenia (02) 20070922.3150African swine fever - Georgia (11): SDC mission report 20070920.3131African swine fever - Georgia (10): Abkhazia Auton. Rep. 20070821.2737African swine fever - Georgia (09): OIE 20070820.2724African swine fever - Georgia (08) 20070817.2689African swine fever - Georgia (07): EC/FAO/OIE 20070627.2066African swine fever - Georgia (06) 20070615.1954African swine fever - Georgia (05) 20070611.1901African swine fever - Georgia (04): FAO 20070610.1891African swine fever - Georgia (03): genotype 20070609.1886African swine fever - Georgia (02): OIE 20070608.1860African swine fever - Georgia: OIE 20070607.1845]....................arn/ejp/sh:tiphat:http://www.promedmail.com/pls/otn/f..._BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,79657</PRE>