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2022-24 Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreak:
Global Trends
World Health Organization
Produced on 12 September 2024
Key figures
1 Overview
This report provides an overview of the mpox[SUP]1[/SUP] epidemiological situation in Africa, on a weekly basis (as of 08 September 2024), as well as the global epidemiological situation on a monthly basis (as of July 2024).
Data in this report are based on global data surveillance data collected from 01 January 2022, initiated due to the unprecedented human to human spread of monkeypox virus (MPXV) globally occurring in the same year.
On 14 August 2024, under the International Health Regulations (2005), the WHO Director General declared that the increase in mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its expansion to neighboring countries constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This spread presents a public health risk to other Member States and requires a coordinated international response.
Based on currently available information, the spread of mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is attributed to two main outbreaks - spread of MPXV clade Ia in Equateur and other previously affected provinces of the country, and the spread of clade Ib MPXV in the provinces of North and South Kivu, as well as several clade Ib cases detecrted in Kinshasa. Current sequencing in the country is limited and clade distribution might be broader than what is currently known.
WHO conducted the latest global mpox rapid risk assessment in August 2024. Based on the available information, the risk was assessed as:
This report mainly focuses on laboratory confirmed case and deaths[SUP]2[/SUP] as defined by WHO’s working case definition published in the Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for monkeypox interim guidance. In Africa, laboratory confirmed and suspected cases are both shown where possible. Note that countries[SUP]3[/SUP] may use their own case definitions separate from those outlined in the above document.
2 Situation in Africa
This section of the report is jointly authored by the WHO Regional Office for Africa, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean[SUP]4[/SUP] and WHO Headquarters.
Since 1 January 2022, cases of mpox have been reported to WHO from 20 Member States across Africa. As of 08 September 2024 , a total of 8 179 laboratory confirmed cases, including 55 deaths, have been reported to WHO.
In 2024, as of 08 September 2024, 15 countries have reported 5 776 confirmed cases, including 32 deaths. The three countries with the majority of the cases in 2024 are Democratic Republic of the Congo, (n = 5 160), Burundi, (n = 385), and Nigeria, (n = 55).
A significant number of suspected mpox cases, that are clinically compatible with mpox remain untested due to limited diagnostic capacity in some African countries and thus never get confirmed. For this reason, we include suspected cases in this section of the report.
In 2024, 14 countries have reported 25 237 suspected and confirmed cases, including 723 suspected and confirmed deaths.
This indicator should be interpreted with caution, as suspected mpox cases are recorded according to varying national case definitions. In some countries, suspected cases that undergo testing are not removed from the count, regardless of whether the test result is positive (confirmed case) or negative (discarded case). Moreover, not all countries have robust surveillance systems for mpox, meaning reported case counts are likely underestimate the extent of community transmission.
Case definitions for some countries can be seen in the case definitions subsection.
2.1 Outbreak status and MPXV clade distribution
The distribution of clades reported in Africa, and the outbreak status of the continent is shown in the maps below. Countries with active transmission are defined as those reporting cases in the past 28 days. The distribution of reported mpox clades in Africa is also shown below. It should be noted that in many cases, sequencing may not capture all circulating clades, leading to under-representation of where clades are circulating.
Maps can be clicked to view on a larger scale.
2.2 Epidemic curves
Epidemic curve shown by week for cases reported up to 08 Sep 2024. Note that for the purposes of these epidemic curves, countries with more than one clade present are presented in multiple epidemic curves. The most recent weeks presented in the epidemic curves should be interpreted with caution, as there are delays associated with reporting.
2.3 Maps
Maps can be clicked to view on a larger scale. Note that data are only shown for Africa - data from elsewhere are reflected in the global sections of the report.
2.4 Data by country
[TD="colspan: 10"]Summary of Laboratory confirmed mpox cases[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 10"]As of 08 Sep 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 10"][SUP]1[/SUP] The past four weeks are calculated from the date of last reported case in a country to account for reporting delays. In cases where the last reported case is more than four weeks ago, the value is not shown.[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 10"][SUP]2[/SUP] From 12 Aug 2024 to 08 Sep 2024[/TD]
2.5 Epidemic curves by country
Epidemic curve shown by week for cases reported up to 08 Sep 2024.
All cases, including suspected and laboratory tested cases are shown from 2024 where data are available. In some countries, suspected cases that undergo testing are not removed from the count, regardless of whether the test result is positive (confirmed case) or negative (discarded case).
2.6 Case definitions
This section includes the national case definition used in African countries in order to provide more context for the interpretation of data, especially of suspected cases.
Case definitions for suspected cases are shown for the following countries below:
Suspected Case:
Any person presenting with sudden onset of fever >38.3°C (101°F), intense headaches, adenopathy, back pain, myalgia, and intense weakness, followed 1-3 days later by a vesiculopustular skin rash that develops progressively, often starting on the face (more dense) and then spreading to other parts of the body, including the soles of the feet and palms of the hands.
Confirmed Case:
Any case that has been clinically and epidemiologically diagnosed with mpox and laboratory confirmed.
Data for download
Data by country can be downloaded as a csv file by clicking the button below. The data include the number of new cases and deaths reported each week, as well as the total number of cases and deaths reported to date. The data are current as of 08 Sep 2024.
Download weekly African dataset as csv
Download MPXV clades detected in African countries as csv
3 Global situation update
All of the following data in this report are presented in the context of the ongoing global mpox outbreak. The data presented here are based on the most recent complete month of data reported to WHO as of 31 July 2024.
Since 1 January 2022, cases of mpox have been reported to WHO from 121 Member States across all 6 WHO regions. As of 31 July 2024 , a total of 103 048 laboratory confirmed cases and 186 probable cases, including 229 deaths, have been reported to WHO.
As of July 2024, the number of monthly reported new cases has increased by 11.3%, compared to the previous month. The majority of cases reported in the past month were notified from the African Region (54.3%) and the Region of the Americas (23.1%).
The 10 most affected countries globally since 1 January 2022 are: United States of America (n = 33 556), Brazil (n = 11 841), Spain (n = 8 104), Democratic Republic of the Congo (n = 4 395), France (n = 4 283), Colombia (n = 4 256), Mexico (n = 4 132), The United Kingdom (n = 4 018), Peru (n = 3 939), and Germany (n = 3 886). Together, these countries account for 80.0% of the cases reported globally.
In the most recent month of reporting, 36 countries have reported cases, 22, of which reported an increase in monthly case counts.
In the past month, 5 countries reported their first case. Countries which reported their first case in the past month are: Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda.
Global aggregated data are collected through direct reporting from Member States to WHO and its partners or from official country sources. The below epidemic curve shows the aggregated number of cases by month according to the date of case reporting. 3.1 Epidemic curves
Download data by month of report as csv
3.2 Recent trends
In the past six months, the number of cases reported monthly has declined substantially from the global peak of 29,873 cases observed in August 2022. In the past six months (01 Feb 2024 - 31 Jul 2024):
Download recent data by month of report as csv
3.3 Maps
Note: Maps can be clicked to view on a larger scale
3.4 Tables
[TD="colspan: 7"]Total mpox cases, by WHO region[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 7"]Data as of July 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 7"][SUP]1[/SUP] From Jan 2022[/TD]
Download cumulative cases and deaths by country
Download aggregate dataset as csv
4 Detailed case data
Detailed case data are acquired via direct reporting of case-based data from Member States to WHO. Data from cases are reported[SUP]1[/SUP] according to the WHO minimum dataset under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) Article 6. Completeness of records is variable, meaning denominators for variables may be different from one another. All of the following is derived from detailed case data, and as a result, overall numbers may not be reflective of figures shown with aggregate case numbers. All detailed cases shown are confirmed cases, where the reporting date occurred after 01 January 2022.
4.1 Reporting coverage
The detailed case dataset was last updated on July 2024. As of this date, the total number of detailed confirmed cases reported is 92 109, representing 89.4% of all aggregated cases reported.
The table below indicates the reporting coverage between reported aggregated confirmed cases and detailed confirmed cases by countries and per region.
[TD="colspan: 4"]Mpox reporting completeness[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]As of 31 Jul 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] Note that in rare cases total detailed cases may exceed total confirmed cases due to ongoing data cleaning issues[/TD]
4.2 Trends in cases
Trends in cases are shown for all submitted detailed cases. These are shown by:
Delay between date of onset and date of diagnosis were calculated for all countries where reporting quality passed criteria. Delays were only shown when the time between onset and diagnosis was between 0 and 50 days.
The median delay between onset and diagnosis was 7 days (interquartile range: 4-10 days)
Data by date of onset and country can be downloaded below.
Download country data by date of symptom onset 4.3 Case profile (overall)
As of 31 Jul 2024, the vast majority of cases for which detailed case based data are available are not associated with the outbreak of clade Ib, or the African region. For this reason the following analysis is overwhelmingly reflective of the global situation outside of Africa and clade Ib.
Key features of these cases are as follows:
[TD="colspan: 4"]Case profiles[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]As of 31 Jul 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] May be hospitalized for isolation or medical treatment[/TD]
Download key case demographics Download age and sex pyramid by WHO region 4.4 Case profile (excluding men who have sex with men)
As of this date in time, with regards to the outbreak of clade IIb, the multi-country mpox outbreak has been overwhelmingly concentrated in sexual networks of men who have sex with men. For this reason, understanding events in which individuals having other sexual behaviours have acquired mpox is important to monitor potential of sustained spillover into the general population. Note that the demographics of cases affected with clade Ib are not represented here.
The following outputs apply to cases with sexual behaviour reported as other than men who have sex with men. As above, note that reported sexual behaviour does not necessarily reflect persons who the case has had recent sexual history with nor does it imply sexual activity.
[TD="colspan: 4"]Case profiles (excluding men who have sex with men)[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]As of 31 Jul 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] May be hospitalized for isolation or medical treatment[/TD]
Download key case demographics Download mpox cases by age and sex (non-MSM) 4.5 Case profile (recent cases)
This section of the report pertains specifically to the most recent six months of the outbreak, and case report forms that were reported in that time period (01 Feb 2024 - 31 Jul 2024).
In the last six months:
[TD="colspan: 4"]Case profiles[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]From 01 Feb to 27 Aug 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] May be hospitalized for isolation or medical treatment[/TD]
Download key case demographics (recent) Download age and sex pyramid 4.6 Symptomatology
Although most cases in current outbreaks have presented with mild disease symptoms, monkeypox virus (MPXV) may cause severe disease in certain population groups (young children, pregnant women, immunosuppressed persons).
Among the cases who reported at least one symptom, the most common symptom is any rash and is reported in 89% of cases with at least one reported symptom. Note that identifying true denominators for symptomatology is difficult due to a general lack of negative reporting and symptom definitions that may vary between countries’ reporting systems.
A bar chart and table showing symptoms is shown below. Here any rash refers to one or more rash symptoms (systemic, oral, genital, or unknown location), and any lymphadenopathy refers to either general or local lymphadenopathy. Systemic rash included rash on the body, excluding mucosal and genital rash. Symptom information is shown for all cases where information was available reported from January 2022.
Download symptom data as csv
5 Genomic epidemiology
MPXV genetic sequences are routinely shared within NCBI GenBank and GISAID databases. Based on mutations and phylogenetic clustering, MPXV is currently divided into two major clades, clade I (one, formally Congo Basin clade) and clade II (two, formally West Africa clade). Each of these clades is further subdivided into two subclades: clade Ia and clade Ib within clade I; clade IIa and clade IIb within clade II.
Clade Ia circulates within multiple countries in Central Africa and is associated with regular spillover from an animal reservoir(s) with some onward person-to-person transmission. Clade Ia has been sampled in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan and Sudan. Mixing of virus sequences from these countries within the clade Ia phylogenetic tree shows international movement of clade Ia viruses.
Clade Ib has recently emerged in eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is undergoing sustained person-to-person transmission. Recent cases of clade Ib have also been detected in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Sweden, Thailand and Uganda. There is limited mutational diversity among clade Ib sequences. However, recent sequences from Kenya, Uganda, Sweden and Thailand share several mutations.
Clade IIa has rarely been isolated in humans with most available genetic sequences coming from animal species. Clade IIb has undergone sustained circulation within humans since at least 2016 and has caused a large ongoing outbreak from 2022 to present. The 2022-24 clade IIb outbreak is currently divided into 33 lineages which enable fine scale tracking.
The following phylogenetic visualisations were generated in R using the ggtree package.
6 Literature summary & epidemic parameters
In order to promote a better understanding of the dynamics of the mpox outbreak and to support forecasting work, in 2022, WHO undertook an effort to extract epidemiological parameters (incubation period, serival interval and generation interval) from the literature. The initial literature screening was performed and maintained by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). The overall search strategy was as follows:
[TD="colspan: 11"]Incubation Period[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 11"]As of 19 Jan 2023[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 11"]Source: PHAC[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 11"][SUP]1[/SUP] Units are in days[/TD]
Download data as csv
[TD="colspan: 8"]Serial Interval[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 8"]As of 19 Jan 2023[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 8"]Source: PHAC[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 8"][SUP]1[/SUP] Units are in days[/TD]
Download data as csv
[TD="colspan: 5"]Generation Interval[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 5"]As of 19 Jan 2023[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 5"]Source: PHAC[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 5"][SUP]1[/SUP] Units are in days[/TD]
Download data as csv
7 Archive: 2022-23 acute outbreak phase
With reporting frequencies declining, and with new WHO guidance specifying monthly reporting intervals, it is no longer reliable to present cases by week of report. However, in an effort to retain data availability, we present a record of the acute phase of the 2022-2024 outbreak by reporting week. While the end of the acute phase of the outbreak is not explicitly defined, we present data from 1 January 2022 to 14 April 2023, which corresponds to the week when mpox was no longer considered to be a public health emergency of international concern.
Regional trends are shown below:
8 Disclaimers
8.1 Data Overview and Visualizations
The WHO 2022-24 mpox global trends report aims to provide frequently updated data visualizations. Caution must be taken when interpreting all data presented, and differences between information products published by WHO, national public health authorities, and other sources using different inclusion criteria and different data cut-off times are to be expected. While steps are taken to ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are subject to continuous verification and change. All counts are subject to variations in case detection, definitions, laboratory testing, and reporting strategies between countries, states and territories.
Data are compiled and shared with WHO by national public health authorities. Data compilation and submission to WHO Headquarters is done by the WHO Regional Offices and WHO Country Offices.
WHO makes no warranties or representations regarding the contents, appearance, completeness, technical specifications, or accuracy of the report. WHO disclaims all responsibility relating to, and shall not be liable for, any use of the report, the results of such use, or the reliance thereon.
WHO reserves the right to make updates and changes to the report without notice, and accepts no liability for any errors or omissions in this regard.
The user of the report is responsible for the interpretation and use of the analysis and outputs performed by the report. The submission of content to the report does not imply WHO’s approval or endorsement of that content, or that the content is appropriate for any purpose or meets any established standard or requirement
Any designations employed or presentation by the user in its use of the app, including tables and maps, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries.
All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).
A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). 8.2 Copyright, Permissions, and Referencing
© World Health Organization 2024, All rights reserved.
WHO supports open access to the published output of its activities as a fundamental part of its mission and a public benefit to be encouraged wherever possible. Permission from WHO is not required for the use of the WHO Mpox global trends report or data available for download.
The user shall not, in connection with use of the app, state or imply that WHO endorses or is affiliated with the user, its use of the app, or any content, output, or analysis resulting from or related to the app, or that WHO endorses any entity, organization, company, or product.
The use of the WHO emblem / logo by a user of the report in connection with its use is not permitted. For further information, please visit WHO Copyright, Licencing and Permissions.
Suggested citation: 2022-24 Mpox Outbreak: Global Trends. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024. Available online: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/ (last cited: [date]). 9 Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the input of national public health staff involved in surveillance activities and data submission to WHO, the WHO regional and country offices for the timely compilation of data, and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) for the provision of surveillance data collected via the TESSy platform, as well as external partners who contributed additional insights and contextual information on the data.
https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/#26_Case_definitions
Global Trends
World Health Organization
Produced on 12 September 2024
- Weekly trends in Africa
- Totals for key countries
- Totals for Africa
- Global totals
- Clades detected globally
This report provides an overview of the mpox[SUP]1[/SUP] epidemiological situation in Africa, on a weekly basis (as of 08 September 2024), as well as the global epidemiological situation on a monthly basis (as of July 2024).
Data in this report are based on global data surveillance data collected from 01 January 2022, initiated due to the unprecedented human to human spread of monkeypox virus (MPXV) globally occurring in the same year.
On 14 August 2024, under the International Health Regulations (2005), the WHO Director General declared that the increase in mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its expansion to neighboring countries constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This spread presents a public health risk to other Member States and requires a coordinated international response.
Based on currently available information, the spread of mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is attributed to two main outbreaks - spread of MPXV clade Ia in Equateur and other previously affected provinces of the country, and the spread of clade Ib MPXV in the provinces of North and South Kivu, as well as several clade Ib cases detecrted in Kinshasa. Current sequencing in the country is limited and clade distribution might be broader than what is currently known.
WHO conducted the latest global mpox rapid risk assessment in August 2024. Based on the available information, the risk was assessed as:
- In eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighbouring countries: high.
- In areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo where mpox is endemic: high.
- In Nigeria and other countries of West, Central and East Africa where mpox is endemic: moderate.
- In all other countries in Africa and around the world: moderate.
This report mainly focuses on laboratory confirmed case and deaths[SUP]2[/SUP] as defined by WHO’s working case definition published in the Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for monkeypox interim guidance. In Africa, laboratory confirmed and suspected cases are both shown where possible. Note that countries[SUP]3[/SUP] may use their own case definitions separate from those outlined in the above document.
- On of 28 November 2022, WHO recommended using the name mpox as a new name for monkeypox. The words were used synonymously for one year as the term monkeypox was phased out. The virus causing mpox is named monkeypox virus (MPXV).
- For the WHO European region, both confirmed and probable cases are included within confirmed case counts and detailed case data.
- Throughout this document, any use of the word country should be considered shorthand for a country, area, or territory
2 Situation in Africa
This section of the report is jointly authored by the WHO Regional Office for Africa, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean[SUP]4[/SUP] and WHO Headquarters.
Since 1 January 2022, cases of mpox have been reported to WHO from 20 Member States across Africa. As of 08 September 2024 , a total of 8 179 laboratory confirmed cases, including 55 deaths, have been reported to WHO.
In 2024, as of 08 September 2024, 15 countries have reported 5 776 confirmed cases, including 32 deaths. The three countries with the majority of the cases in 2024 are Democratic Republic of the Congo, (n = 5 160), Burundi, (n = 385), and Nigeria, (n = 55).
A significant number of suspected mpox cases, that are clinically compatible with mpox remain untested due to limited diagnostic capacity in some African countries and thus never get confirmed. For this reason, we include suspected cases in this section of the report.
In 2024, 14 countries have reported 25 237 suspected and confirmed cases, including 723 suspected and confirmed deaths.
This indicator should be interpreted with caution, as suspected mpox cases are recorded according to varying national case definitions. In some countries, suspected cases that undergo testing are not removed from the count, regardless of whether the test result is positive (confirmed case) or negative (discarded case). Moreover, not all countries have robust surveillance systems for mpox, meaning reported case counts are likely underestimate the extent of community transmission.
Case definitions for some countries can be seen in the case definitions subsection.
- On the African continent there are 47 Member States in the WHO African Region and seven in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
2.1 Outbreak status and MPXV clade distribution
The distribution of clades reported in Africa, and the outbreak status of the continent is shown in the maps below. Countries with active transmission are defined as those reporting cases in the past 28 days. The distribution of reported mpox clades in Africa is also shown below. It should be noted that in many cases, sequencing may not capture all circulating clades, leading to under-representation of where clades are circulating.
Maps can be clicked to view on a larger scale.
- 2.1.1 Outbreak status
- 2.1.2 Clade Ia, Ib, and II (a and/or b) presence
- 2.1.3 Confirmed cases in the past four weeks
Epidemic curve shown by week for cases reported up to 08 Sep 2024. Note that for the purposes of these epidemic curves, countries with more than one clade present are presented in multiple epidemic curves. The most recent weeks presented in the epidemic curves should be interpreted with caution, as there are delays associated with reporting.
- 2.2.1 Confirmed cases in all countries in Africa
- 2.2.2 Confirmed cases in clade Ib countries
- 2.2.3 Confirmed cases in clade Ia countries
- 2.2.4 Clade II (a and/or b) countries
- 2.2.5 All cases in Africa
2.3 Maps
Maps can be clicked to view on a larger scale. Note that data are only shown for Africa - data from elsewhere are reflected in the global sections of the report.
- 2.3.1 Cumulative confirmed cases
- 2.3.2 Cumulative confirmed cases in 2024
- 2.3.3 Cumulative confirmed deaths
- 2.3.4 Cumulative confirmed deaths in 2024
2.4 Data by country
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 6,405 | 27 | 0% | 5,160 | 25 | 807 | 0 | Clades Ia and Ib | 8 September 2024 |
| Burundi | 385 | 0 | 0% | 385 | 0 | 302 | 0 | Clade Ib | 8 September 2024 |
| Nigeria | 916 | 9 | 1% | 55 | 0 | 17 | 0 | Clade II (a and/or b) | 1 September 2024 |
| Central African Republic | 94 | 2 | 2% | 47 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Clade Ia | 8 September 2024 |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 45 | 1 | 2% | 45 | 1 | 24 | 1 | Clade II (a and/or b) | 8 September 2024 |
| South Africa | 30 | 3 | 10% | 25 | 3 | 1 | 0 | Clade II (a and/or b) | 8 September 2024 |
| Congo | 47 | 2 | 4% | 21 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Clade Ia | 25 August 2024 |
| Uganda | 10 | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0 | 8 | 0 | Clade Ib | 1 September 2024 |
| Liberia | 26 | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0 | 3 | 0 | No information | 8 September 2024 |
| Cameroon | 51 | 5 | 10% | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Clades Ia and II (a and/or b) | 1 September 2024 |
| Kenya | 5 | 0 | 0% | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Clade Ib | 8 September 2024 |
| Rwanda | 4 | 0 | 0% | 4 | 0 | – | – | Clade Ib | 4 August 2024 |
| Gabon | 2 | 0 | 0% | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | No information | 1 September 2024 |
| Guinea | 1 | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | No information | 8 September 2024 |
| Morocco | 5 | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0 | – | – | Clade II (a and/or b) | 17 March 2024 |
| Benin | 3 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 | – | – | Clade II (a and/or b) | 26 June 2022 |
| Egypt | 3 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 | – | – | Clade II (a and/or b) | 18 December 2022 |
| Ghana | 127 | 4 | 3% | 0 | 0 | – | – | Clade II (a and/or b) | 14 May 2023 |
| Mozambique | 1 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 | – | – | Clade II (a and/or b) | 9 October 2022 |
| Sudan | 19 | 1 | 5% | 0 | 0 | – | – | Clade Ia | 9 April 2023 |
| Total | 8,179 | 54 | 1% | 5,776 | 32 | 1174 | 1 | – | – |
[TD="colspan: 10"]Summary of Laboratory confirmed mpox cases[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 10"]As of 08 Sep 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 10"][SUP]1[/SUP] The past four weeks are calculated from the date of last reported case in a country to account for reporting delays. In cases where the last reported case is more than four weeks ago, the value is not shown.[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 10"][SUP]2[/SUP] From 12 Aug 2024 to 08 Sep 2024[/TD]
2.5 Epidemic curves by country
Epidemic curve shown by week for cases reported up to 08 Sep 2024.
All cases, including suspected and laboratory tested cases are shown from 2024 where data are available. In some countries, suspected cases that undergo testing are not removed from the count, regardless of whether the test result is positive (confirmed case) or negative (discarded case).
- Benin
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Côte d’Ivoire
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Egypt
- Gabon
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Kenya
- Liberia
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Nigeria
- Rwanda
- South Africa
- Sudan
- Uganda
This section includes the national case definition used in African countries in order to provide more context for the interpretation of data, especially of suspected cases.
Case definitions for suspected cases are shown for the following countries below:
Suspected Case:
Any person presenting with sudden onset of fever >38.3°C (101°F), intense headaches, adenopathy, back pain, myalgia, and intense weakness, followed 1-3 days later by a vesiculopustular skin rash that develops progressively, often starting on the face (more dense) and then spreading to other parts of the body, including the soles of the feet and palms of the hands.
Confirmed Case:
Any case that has been clinically and epidemiologically diagnosed with mpox and laboratory confirmed.
Data for download
Data by country can be downloaded as a csv file by clicking the button below. The data include the number of new cases and deaths reported each week, as well as the total number of cases and deaths reported to date. The data are current as of 08 Sep 2024.
Download weekly African dataset as csv
Download MPXV clades detected in African countries as csv
3 Global situation update
All of the following data in this report are presented in the context of the ongoing global mpox outbreak. The data presented here are based on the most recent complete month of data reported to WHO as of 31 July 2024.
Since 1 January 2022, cases of mpox have been reported to WHO from 121 Member States across all 6 WHO regions. As of 31 July 2024 , a total of 103 048 laboratory confirmed cases and 186 probable cases, including 229 deaths, have been reported to WHO.
As of July 2024, the number of monthly reported new cases has increased by 11.3%, compared to the previous month. The majority of cases reported in the past month were notified from the African Region (54.3%) and the Region of the Americas (23.1%).
The 10 most affected countries globally since 1 January 2022 are: United States of America (n = 33 556), Brazil (n = 11 841), Spain (n = 8 104), Democratic Republic of the Congo (n = 4 395), France (n = 4 283), Colombia (n = 4 256), Mexico (n = 4 132), The United Kingdom (n = 4 018), Peru (n = 3 939), and Germany (n = 3 886). Together, these countries account for 80.0% of the cases reported globally.
In the most recent month of reporting, 36 countries have reported cases, 22, of which reported an increase in monthly case counts.
In the past month, 5 countries reported their first case. Countries which reported their first case in the past month are: Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda.
Global aggregated data are collected through direct reporting from Member States to WHO and its partners or from official country sources. The below epidemic curve shows the aggregated number of cases by month according to the date of case reporting. 3.1 Epidemic curves
- 3.1.1 Global (cases)
- 3.1.2 Global (deaths)
- 3.1.3 By WHO Region (cases)
- 3.1.4 By WHO Region (deaths)
- 3.1.5 Top 10 countries (cases)
- 3.1.6 By country
3.2 Recent trends
In the past six months, the number of cases reported monthly has declined substantially from the global peak of 29,873 cases observed in August 2022. In the past six months (01 Feb 2024 - 31 Jul 2024):
- On average, at the global level, 1 165 cases have been observed monthly
- The most affected region was the African Region, where 3 081 cases and 29 deaths have been reported. This is followed by the Region of the Americas (2 236 cases, 0 deaths), and the European Region (837 cases, 2 deaths)
- 3.2.1 Global (cases)
- 3.2.2 Global (deaths)
- 3.2.3 By WHO Region (cases)
- 3.2.4 Top 10 countries (cases)
3.3 Maps
Note: Maps can be clicked to view on a larger scale
- 3.3.1 Cumulative cases
- 3.3.2 Cumulative deaths
- 3.3.3 Cases in the past month
- 3.3.4 Monthly change in cases
- 3.4.1 Cumulative cases and deaths by WHO Region
- 3.4.2 Cumulative cases and deaths by country
- 3.4.3 Recent trends - African Region
- 3.4.4 Recent trends - Region of the Americas
- 3.4.5 Recent trends - Eastern Mediterranean Region
- 3.4.6 Recent trends - Table - European Region
- 3.4.7 Recent trends - South-East Asia Region
- 3.4.8 Recent trends - Western Pacific Region
- 3.4.9 Countries reporting cases in the previous month
| Region of the Americas | 64,185 | 144 | 290 | 345 | 19.0% | Jul 2024 |
| European Region | 27,680 | 10 | 100 | 151 | 51.0% | Jul 2024 |
| African Region | 5,674 | 53 | 803 | 810 | 0.9% | Jul 2024 |
| Western Pacific Region | 3,705 | 10 | 132 | 163 | 23.0% | Jul 2024 |
| South-East Asia Region | 940 | 11 | 11 | 15 | 36.0% | Jul 2024 |
| Eastern Mediterranean Region | 864 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 50.0% | Jul 2024 |
[TD="colspan: 7"]Total mpox cases, by WHO region[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 7"]Data as of July 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 7"][SUP]1[/SUP] From Jan 2022[/TD]
Download cumulative cases and deaths by country
Download aggregate dataset as csv
4 Detailed case data
Detailed case data are acquired via direct reporting of case-based data from Member States to WHO. Data from cases are reported[SUP]1[/SUP] according to the WHO minimum dataset under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) Article 6. Completeness of records is variable, meaning denominators for variables may be different from one another. All of the following is derived from detailed case data, and as a result, overall numbers may not be reflective of figures shown with aggregate case numbers. All detailed cases shown are confirmed cases, where the reporting date occurred after 01 January 2022.
- Note that a small number of detailed case reports are constructed from official public reports about individual cases.
4.1 Reporting coverage
The detailed case dataset was last updated on July 2024. As of this date, the total number of detailed confirmed cases reported is 92 109, representing 89.4% of all aggregated cases reported.
The table below indicates the reporting coverage between reported aggregated confirmed cases and detailed confirmed cases by countries and per region.
| 64,185 | 60,783 | 94.7% |
| 27,680 | 27,550 | 99.5% |
| 5,674 | 672 | 11.8% |
| 3,705 | 2,902 | 78.3% |
| 940 | 118 | 12.6% |
| 864 | 84 | 9.7% |
[TD="colspan: 4"]Mpox reporting completeness[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]As of 31 Jul 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] Note that in rare cases total detailed cases may exceed total confirmed cases due to ongoing data cleaning issues[/TD]
4.2 Trends in cases
Trends in cases are shown for all submitted detailed cases. These are shown by:
- Date of symptom onset
- Date of lab or clinical diagnosis (if date of symptom onset is not available)
- Date of reporting (if date of symptom onset and date of diagnosis are not available)
Delay between date of onset and date of diagnosis were calculated for all countries where reporting quality passed criteria. Delays were only shown when the time between onset and diagnosis was between 0 and 50 days.
The median delay between onset and diagnosis was 7 days (interquartile range: 4-10 days)
Data by date of onset and country can be downloaded below.
- 4.2.1 Cases by date of symptom onset
- 4.2.2 All cases by date of onset and by WHO region
- 4.2.3 Cases by date of onset and by country (top 10 total cases)
- 4.2.4 Cases by date of onset and by age group
- 4.2.5 Cases by date of onset and by sexual behaviour
- 4.2.6 Proportion of men who have sex with men and proportion of males by date of report
- 4.2.7 Epidemic curves by country
Download country data by date of symptom onset 4.3 Case profile (overall)
As of 31 Jul 2024, the vast majority of cases for which detailed case based data are available are not associated with the outbreak of clade Ib, or the African region. For this reason the following analysis is overwhelmingly reflective of the global situation outside of Africa and clade Ib.
Key features of these cases are as follows:
- 96.4% (86 079/89 281) of cases with available data are male, the median age is 34 years (IQR: 29 - 41).
- Males between 18-44 years old continue to be disproportionately affected by this outbreak as they account for 79.3% of reported cases.
- Of all cases with available data, 3.6% (3 202/89 281) are female:
- The majority of these cases are reported from the Region of the Americas (2 401/3 202; 75%) and the European Region (450/3 202; 14%)
- The most commonly reported form of transmission is via sexual encounters (263/515; 51%)
- Of the 91 715 cases where age was available, there were 1 156 (1.3%) cases reported aged 0-17, out of which 333 (0.4%) were aged 0-4:
- The majority of cases aged 0-17 are reported from the Region of the Americas (709 /1 156; 61%).
- 60 cases were reported to be pregnant or recently pregnant. Of these:
- 5, 12, and 10 cases were in their first, second, and third trimesters respectively. 33 were in an unknown trimester, and 0 were six weeks or less post-partum.
- The median age was 27.5 years old (IQR: 22.75 - 31).
- 15 of these cases were known to be hospitalized. 0 were known to be admitted to ICU and 0 were known to have died.
- The most common mode of transmission was sexual encounter (4/8 cases where route was known).
- Among cases with known data on sexual behaviour, 85.5% (29 398/34 377) identified as men who have sex with men.
- Among those with known HIV status, 51.6% (18 063/35 039) were people living with HIV. Note that information on HIV status is not available for the majority of cases.
- 1 310 cases were reported to be health workers. However, most were exposed in the community and further investigation is ongoing to determine which were due to occupational exposure.
- Of all reported types of transmission, a sexual encounter was reported most commonly, with 18 864 of 22 563 (83.6%) of all reported transmission events.
- Of all settings in which cases were likely exposed, the most common was in party setting with sexual contacts, with 4 393 of 6 527 (67.3%) of all reported exposure events.
- 4.3.1 Demographic Information
- 4.3.2 Age-sex pyramid
- 4.3.3 Age-sex pyramid by region
- 4.3.4 Age-sex pyramid (Hospitalized cases)
- 4.3.5 Age-sex pyramid (ICU cases)
- 4.3.6 Sexual behaviour by region
- 4.3.7 Transmission type
- 4.3.8 Exposure settings
- 4.3.9 Transmission by exposure type
| 29,398 (85.5%) | 4,979 (14.5%) | 57,725 |
| 18,063 (51.6%) | 16,976 (48.4%) | 57,063 |
| 1,310 (4.1%) | 30,568 (95.9%) | 60,224 |
| 4,015 (15.6%) | 21,657 (84.4%) | 66,430 |
| 18,863 (83.6%) | 3,699 (16.4%) | 69,540 |
| 5,824 (10.8%) | 48,115 (89.2%) | 38,163 |
| 48 (0.3%) | 15,157 (99.7%) | 76,897 |
| 145 (0.3%) | 55,835 (99.7%) | 36,122 |
[TD="colspan: 4"]Case profiles[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]As of 31 Jul 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] May be hospitalized for isolation or medical treatment[/TD]
Download key case demographics Download age and sex pyramid by WHO region 4.4 Case profile (excluding men who have sex with men)
As of this date in time, with regards to the outbreak of clade IIb, the multi-country mpox outbreak has been overwhelmingly concentrated in sexual networks of men who have sex with men. For this reason, understanding events in which individuals having other sexual behaviours have acquired mpox is important to monitor potential of sustained spillover into the general population. Note that the demographics of cases affected with clade Ib are not represented here.
The following outputs apply to cases with sexual behaviour reported as other than men who have sex with men. As above, note that reported sexual behaviour does not necessarily reflect persons who the case has had recent sexual history with nor does it imply sexual activity.
- 79.1% (3 925/4 961) of cases with available data are male; the median age is 33 years (IQR: 27-41).
- Males between 18-44 years old account for 64.4% of cases.
- Among those with known HIV status 28.9% (1 120/3 878) were people living with HIV. Note that information on HIV status is not available for the majority of cases.
- 128 cases were reported to be health workers. However, most were exposed in the community.
- Of all reported types of transmission, sexual encounter was reported most commonly, with 993 of 1 571 (63.2%) of all reported transmission events.
- Of all settings in which cases were likely exposed, the most common was in households, with 157 of 415 (37.8%) of all likely exposure categories.
- 4.4.1 Demographic Information
- 4.4.2 Age-sex pyramid excluding men who have sex with men
- 4.4.3 Transmission type
- 4.4.4 Exposure settings
| 0 | 4,979 (100.0%) | 0 |
| 1,120 (28.9%) | 2,758 (71.1%) | 1,101 |
| 128 (7.6%) | 1,564 (92.4%) | 3,287 |
| 308 (11.5%) | 2,372 (88.5%) | 2,299 |
| 993 (63.2%) | 578 (36.8%) | 3,408 |
| 399 (15.9%) | 2,111 (84.1%) | 2,469 |
| 13 (1.0%) | 1,226 (99.0%) | 3,740 |
| 10 (0.4%) | 2,768 (99.6%) | 2,201 |
[TD="colspan: 4"]Case profiles (excluding men who have sex with men)[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]As of 31 Jul 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] May be hospitalized for isolation or medical treatment[/TD]
Download key case demographics Download mpox cases by age and sex (non-MSM) 4.5 Case profile (recent cases)
This section of the report pertains specifically to the most recent six months of the outbreak, and case report forms that were reported in that time period (01 Feb 2024 - 31 Jul 2024).
In the last six months:
- Of all cases with available information, 99% (820 / 832) of cases were male, and 95% (367 / 386) reported being as men who have sex with men.
- Of all reported types of transmission, a sexual encounter was reported most commonly, with 363 of 388 (93.6%) of all reported transmission events.
| 367 (95.1%) | 19 (4.9%) | 454 |
| 141 (39.2%) | 219 (60.8%) | 480 |
| 13 (5.1%) | 243 (94.9%) | 584 |
| 81 (16.0%) | 425 (84.0%) | 334 |
| 363 (93.6%) | 25 (6.4%) | 452 |
| 39 (9.8%) | 357 (90.2%) | 444 |
| 0 | 201 (100.0%) | 639 |
| 1 (0.2%) | 508 (99.8%) | 331 |
[TD="colspan: 4"]Case profiles[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"]From 01 Feb to 27 Aug 2024[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 4"][SUP]1[/SUP] May be hospitalized for isolation or medical treatment[/TD]
Download key case demographics (recent) Download age and sex pyramid 4.6 Symptomatology
Although most cases in current outbreaks have presented with mild disease symptoms, monkeypox virus (MPXV) may cause severe disease in certain population groups (young children, pregnant women, immunosuppressed persons).
Among the cases who reported at least one symptom, the most common symptom is any rash and is reported in 89% of cases with at least one reported symptom. Note that identifying true denominators for symptomatology is difficult due to a general lack of negative reporting and symptom definitions that may vary between countries’ reporting systems.
A bar chart and table showing symptoms is shown below. Here any rash refers to one or more rash symptoms (systemic, oral, genital, or unknown location), and any lymphadenopathy refers to either general or local lymphadenopathy. Systemic rash included rash on the body, excluding mucosal and genital rash. Symptom information is shown for all cases where information was available reported from January 2022.
5 Genomic epidemiology
MPXV genetic sequences are routinely shared within NCBI GenBank and GISAID databases. Based on mutations and phylogenetic clustering, MPXV is currently divided into two major clades, clade I (one, formally Congo Basin clade) and clade II (two, formally West Africa clade). Each of these clades is further subdivided into two subclades: clade Ia and clade Ib within clade I; clade IIa and clade IIb within clade II.
Clade Ia circulates within multiple countries in Central Africa and is associated with regular spillover from an animal reservoir(s) with some onward person-to-person transmission. Clade Ia has been sampled in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan and Sudan. Mixing of virus sequences from these countries within the clade Ia phylogenetic tree shows international movement of clade Ia viruses.
Clade Ib has recently emerged in eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is undergoing sustained person-to-person transmission. Recent cases of clade Ib have also been detected in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Sweden, Thailand and Uganda. There is limited mutational diversity among clade Ib sequences. However, recent sequences from Kenya, Uganda, Sweden and Thailand share several mutations.
Clade IIa has rarely been isolated in humans with most available genetic sequences coming from animal species. Clade IIb has undergone sustained circulation within humans since at least 2016 and has caused a large ongoing outbreak from 2022 to present. The 2022-24 clade IIb outbreak is currently divided into 33 lineages which enable fine scale tracking.
The following phylogenetic visualisations were generated in R using the ggtree package.
6 Literature summary & epidemic parameters
In order to promote a better understanding of the dynamics of the mpox outbreak and to support forecasting work, in 2022, WHO undertook an effort to extract epidemiological parameters (incubation period, serival interval and generation interval) from the literature. The initial literature screening was performed and maintained by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). The overall search strategy was as follows:
- Inclusion criteria: monkeypox and monkeypox virus
- Study design:
- Any study design including primary and secondary studies (both animal and human)
- Guidelines and commentaries are not excluded but are not searched systematically.
- Publication language: no restriction for peer-reviewed articles, grey literature is focused on English
- Publication date: from April 14, 2022 – January 19, 2023
- Bibliographic databases and other sources searched:
- PubMed Scopus
- Pre-print servers: Europe PMC, arXiv and SSRN
- WHO, PHAC, CDC, ECDC, UKHSA
- Studies with a sample size greater than 5
- Clear estimate of the specific parameter
| Miura et al. [1] | 18 | 8.5 | 6.6 - 10.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Log-normal |
| Charniga et al. [2] | 40 | 7.6 | 6.2 - 9.7 | - | 1.8 | 6.4 | 5.1 - 7.9 | - | - | Log-normal |
| Rodríguez et al. [3] | 45 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Thornhill et al. [4] | 23 | - | - | - | - | 7.0 | - | - | 3 - 20 | - |
| Català et al. [5] | 77 | - | - | - | - | 6.0 | - | - | 4 - 9 | - |
| Tarín-Vicente et al. [6] | 144 | - | - | - | - | 7.0 | - | 5 - 10 | 1 - 19 | - |
| Guzzetta et al. [7] | 30 | 9.1 | - | 6.5 - 10.9 | - | - | - | - | - | Gamma |
| Mailhe et al. [8] | 112 | - | - | - | - | 6.0 | - | 3 - 8 | - | - |
| Moschese et al. [9] | 16 | - | - | - | - | 11.0 | - | 11 - 16 | - | - |
| Gomez-Garberi et al. [10] | 14 | - | - | - | - | 13.0 | - | - | 3 - 30 | - |
| O'Laughlin et al. [11] | 527 | 7.0 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 - 9 | - | - |
| Angelo et al. [12] | 78 | - | - | - | - | 8.0 | - | 5 - 11 | 2 - 40 | - |
| Madewell et al. [14] | 35 | 5.6 | 4.3 - 7.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ward et al. [15] | 54 | 7.8 | 6.6 - 9.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Weibull |
| Besombes et al. [16] | 29 | - | - | - | - | 7.0 | - | 1 - 13 | 0 - 17 | - |
| Kröger et al. [17] | 209 | 8.2 | - | - | 4.7 | - | - | - | - | Log-normal |
[TD="colspan: 11"]Incubation Period[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 11"]As of 19 Jan 2023[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 11"]Source: PHAC[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 11"][SUP]1[/SUP] Units are in days[/TD]
Download data as csv
| Guo et al. [13] | 21 | 5.6 | 1.7 - 10.4 | 1.5 | 5.5 | 1.4 - 10.4 | - |
| Madewell et al. [14] | 57 | 8.5 | 7.3 - 9.9 | - | - | - | Gamma |
| Ward et al. [15] | 79 | 9.5 | 7.4 - 12.3 | - | - | - | Gamma |
| Miura et al. [18] | 34 | 9.4 | - | 6.2 | - | - | Normal |
[TD="colspan: 8"]Serial Interval[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 8"]As of 19 Jan 2023[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 8"]Source: PHAC[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 8"][SUP]1[/SUP] Units are in days[/TD]
Download data as csv
| Guzzetta et al. [7] | 16 | 12.5 | 7.5 - 17.3 | Gamma |
[TD="colspan: 5"]Generation Interval[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 5"]As of 19 Jan 2023[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 5"]Source: PHAC[/TD]
[TD="colspan: 5"][SUP]1[/SUP] Units are in days[/TD]
Download data as csv
7 Archive: 2022-23 acute outbreak phase
With reporting frequencies declining, and with new WHO guidance specifying monthly reporting intervals, it is no longer reliable to present cases by week of report. However, in an effort to retain data availability, we present a record of the acute phase of the 2022-2024 outbreak by reporting week. While the end of the acute phase of the outbreak is not explicitly defined, we present data from 1 January 2022 to 14 April 2023, which corresponds to the week when mpox was no longer considered to be a public health emergency of international concern.
Regional trends are shown below:
- 7.1 Epidemic curve by date of notification (cases)
- 7.2 Epidemic curve by date of notification (deaths)
- 7.3 Epidemic curve by WHO region (cases)
8 Disclaimers
8.1 Data Overview and Visualizations
The WHO 2022-24 mpox global trends report aims to provide frequently updated data visualizations. Caution must be taken when interpreting all data presented, and differences between information products published by WHO, national public health authorities, and other sources using different inclusion criteria and different data cut-off times are to be expected. While steps are taken to ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are subject to continuous verification and change. All counts are subject to variations in case detection, definitions, laboratory testing, and reporting strategies between countries, states and territories.
Data are compiled and shared with WHO by national public health authorities. Data compilation and submission to WHO Headquarters is done by the WHO Regional Offices and WHO Country Offices.
WHO makes no warranties or representations regarding the contents, appearance, completeness, technical specifications, or accuracy of the report. WHO disclaims all responsibility relating to, and shall not be liable for, any use of the report, the results of such use, or the reliance thereon.
WHO reserves the right to make updates and changes to the report without notice, and accepts no liability for any errors or omissions in this regard.
The user of the report is responsible for the interpretation and use of the analysis and outputs performed by the report. The submission of content to the report does not imply WHO’s approval or endorsement of that content, or that the content is appropriate for any purpose or meets any established standard or requirement
Any designations employed or presentation by the user in its use of the app, including tables and maps, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries.
All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).
A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). 8.2 Copyright, Permissions, and Referencing
© World Health Organization 2024, All rights reserved.
WHO supports open access to the published output of its activities as a fundamental part of its mission and a public benefit to be encouraged wherever possible. Permission from WHO is not required for the use of the WHO Mpox global trends report or data available for download.
The user shall not, in connection with use of the app, state or imply that WHO endorses or is affiliated with the user, its use of the app, or any content, output, or analysis resulting from or related to the app, or that WHO endorses any entity, organization, company, or product.
The use of the WHO emblem / logo by a user of the report in connection with its use is not permitted. For further information, please visit WHO Copyright, Licencing and Permissions.
Suggested citation: 2022-24 Mpox Outbreak: Global Trends. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024. Available online: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/ (last cited: [date]). 9 Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the input of national public health staff involved in surveillance activities and data submission to WHO, the WHO regional and country offices for the timely compilation of data, and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) for the provision of surveillance data collected via the TESSy platform, as well as external partners who contributed additional insights and contextual information on the data.
https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/#26_Case_definitions