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Eur Respir J. 2019 Aug 7. pii: 1900949. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00949-2019. [Epub ahead of print]
Patterns of systemic and local inflammation in patients with asthma hospitalised with influenza.
Jha A1,2, Dunning J1,3, Tunstall T1, Thwaites RS1, Hoang LT1; MOSAIC Investigators, Kon OM1, Zambon MC3, Hansel TT1, Openshaw PJ4.
Author information
1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom. 2 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 3 Public Health England (formerly Health Protection Agency), London, UK. 4 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom p.openshaw@imperial.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Patients with asthma are at risk of hospitalisation with influenza, but the reasons for this predisposition are unknown.
STUDY SETTING:
A prospective observational study of adults with PCR-confirmed influenza in 11 UK hospitals, measuring nasal, nasopharyngeal and systemic immune mediators and whole-blood gene expression.
RESULTS:
Of 133 admissions, 40 (30%) had previous asthma; these were more often female (70% versus 38.7%, OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 8.18, p=0.0012), required less mechanical ventilation (15% versus 37.6%, χ2 6.78, p=0.0338) and had shorter hospital stays (mean 8.3 versus 15.3 d, p=0.0333) than those without. In patients without asthma, severe outcomes were more frequent in those given corticosteroids (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.02-6.96, p=0.0466) or presenting >4 days after disease onset (OR 5.49, 95% CI 2.28-14.03, p=0.0002). Influenza vaccination in at-risk groups (including asthma) were lower than intended by national policy and the early use of antiviral medications were less than optimal. Mucosal immune responses were equivalent between groups. Those with asthma had higher serum IFN-α but lower serum TNF, IL-5, IL-6, CXCL8, CXCL9, IL-10, IL-17 and CCL2 levels (all p<0.05); both groups had similar serum IL-13, total IgE, periostin and blood eosinophil gene expression levels. Asthma diagnosis was unrelated to viral load, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-5 or IL-13 levels.
CONCLUSIONS:
Asthma is common in those hospitalised with influenza, but may not represent classical Type 2-driven disease. Those admitted with influenza tend to be female with mild serum inflammatory responses, increased serum IFN-α levels and good clinical outcomes.
Copyright ?ERS 2019.
PMID: 31391224 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00949-2019
Patterns of systemic and local inflammation in patients with asthma hospitalised with influenza.
Jha A1,2, Dunning J1,3, Tunstall T1, Thwaites RS1, Hoang LT1; MOSAIC Investigators, Kon OM1, Zambon MC3, Hansel TT1, Openshaw PJ4.
Author information
1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom. 2 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 3 Public Health England (formerly Health Protection Agency), London, UK. 4 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom p.openshaw@imperial.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Patients with asthma are at risk of hospitalisation with influenza, but the reasons for this predisposition are unknown.
STUDY SETTING:
A prospective observational study of adults with PCR-confirmed influenza in 11 UK hospitals, measuring nasal, nasopharyngeal and systemic immune mediators and whole-blood gene expression.
RESULTS:
Of 133 admissions, 40 (30%) had previous asthma; these were more often female (70% versus 38.7%, OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 8.18, p=0.0012), required less mechanical ventilation (15% versus 37.6%, χ2 6.78, p=0.0338) and had shorter hospital stays (mean 8.3 versus 15.3 d, p=0.0333) than those without. In patients without asthma, severe outcomes were more frequent in those given corticosteroids (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.02-6.96, p=0.0466) or presenting >4 days after disease onset (OR 5.49, 95% CI 2.28-14.03, p=0.0002). Influenza vaccination in at-risk groups (including asthma) were lower than intended by national policy and the early use of antiviral medications were less than optimal. Mucosal immune responses were equivalent between groups. Those with asthma had higher serum IFN-α but lower serum TNF, IL-5, IL-6, CXCL8, CXCL9, IL-10, IL-17 and CCL2 levels (all p<0.05); both groups had similar serum IL-13, total IgE, periostin and blood eosinophil gene expression levels. Asthma diagnosis was unrelated to viral load, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-5 or IL-13 levels.
CONCLUSIONS:
Asthma is common in those hospitalised with influenza, but may not represent classical Type 2-driven disease. Those admitted with influenza tend to be female with mild serum inflammatory responses, increased serum IFN-α levels and good clinical outcomes.
Copyright ?ERS 2019.
PMID: 31391224 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00949-2019