FEBS Open Bio. 2017 Nov 6;7(12):1960-1971. doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.12336. eCollection 2017 Dec.
The novel mitochondria localization of influenza A virus NS1 visualized by FlAsH labeling.
Tsai CF1, Lin HY1, Hsu WL2, Tsai CH1.
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Abstract
The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus (IAV) is a multifunctional protein that counteracts host cell antiviral responses and inhibits host cell pre-mRNA processing. NS1 contains two nuclear localization signals that facilitate NS1 shuttling between cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, we initially observed the novel mitochondria localization of NS1 in a subset of transfected cells. We then further monitored the localization dynamics of the NS1 protein in live cells infected with IAV expressing NS1 with insertion of a tetracysteine-tag. The resulting mutant virus showed similar levels of infectivity and expression pattern of NS1 to those of wild-type IAV. Pulse labeling using a biarsenical compound (fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder) allowed us to visualize the dynamic subcellular distribution of NS1 real time. We detected NS1 in mitochondria at a very early infection time point [1.5 h postinfection (hpi)] and observed the formation of a granular structure pattern in the nucleus at 4 hpi. This is the first identification of the novel mitochondria localization of NS1. The possible role of NS1 at an early infection time point is discussed.
KEYWORDS:
NS1 protein; influenza A virus; mitochondria localization; tetracysteine‐tag
PMID: 29226082 PMCID: PMC5715299 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12336
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The novel mitochondria localization of influenza A virus NS1 visualized by FlAsH labeling.
Tsai CF1, Lin HY1, Hsu WL2, Tsai CH1.
Author information
Abstract
The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus (IAV) is a multifunctional protein that counteracts host cell antiviral responses and inhibits host cell pre-mRNA processing. NS1 contains two nuclear localization signals that facilitate NS1 shuttling between cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, we initially observed the novel mitochondria localization of NS1 in a subset of transfected cells. We then further monitored the localization dynamics of the NS1 protein in live cells infected with IAV expressing NS1 with insertion of a tetracysteine-tag. The resulting mutant virus showed similar levels of infectivity and expression pattern of NS1 to those of wild-type IAV. Pulse labeling using a biarsenical compound (fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder) allowed us to visualize the dynamic subcellular distribution of NS1 real time. We detected NS1 in mitochondria at a very early infection time point [1.5 h postinfection (hpi)] and observed the formation of a granular structure pattern in the nucleus at 4 hpi. This is the first identification of the novel mitochondria localization of NS1. The possible role of NS1 at an early infection time point is discussed.
KEYWORDS:
NS1 protein; influenza A virus; mitochondria localization; tetracysteine‐tag
PMID: 29226082 PMCID: PMC5715299 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12336
Free full text