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Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018 Jun 8. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1484284. [Epub ahead of print]
Influenza vaccine failure: Failure to protect or failure to understand?
Poland GA1.
Author information
Abstract
I propose that influenza vaccine failure be defined as receipt of a properly stored and administered vaccine with the subsequent development of documented influenza. Several mechanisms of vaccine failure occur and can-sometimes in combination-lead to what is termed "vaccine failure." Influenza vaccine failure occurs for a variety of reasons, many of which are not true failures of the vaccine (e.g., improper vaccine storage and handling). Areas covered: In this article, I discuss common causes of "vaccine failure" that are appropriately or inappropriately attributed to vaccines. This includes host, pathogen, vaccine, and study design issues such as, genetic restriction of immune response; failure to store, handle and administer vaccine properly; issues of immunosuppression and immunosenescence; apparent but false vaccine failure; time-mediated failure; and others. Expert commentary: A proper framework and nosology for vaccine failure informs discussion about influenza vaccine efficacy and prevents misperceptions that in turn affect vaccine uptake. Influenza vaccine can only provide maximum protection to the extent that the circulating and vaccine strains closely match; the vaccine is stored, handled and administered properly and within a time frame to result in development of protective levels of immunity; and is administered to a host capable of immunologically responding with protective immune responses.
KEYWORDS:
Human; Immunity; Immunization Programs; Influenza; Influenza Vaccines; Vaccination; Vaccine Storage
PMID: 29883218 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1484284
Influenza vaccine failure: Failure to protect or failure to understand?
Poland GA1.
Author information
Abstract
I propose that influenza vaccine failure be defined as receipt of a properly stored and administered vaccine with the subsequent development of documented influenza. Several mechanisms of vaccine failure occur and can-sometimes in combination-lead to what is termed "vaccine failure." Influenza vaccine failure occurs for a variety of reasons, many of which are not true failures of the vaccine (e.g., improper vaccine storage and handling). Areas covered: In this article, I discuss common causes of "vaccine failure" that are appropriately or inappropriately attributed to vaccines. This includes host, pathogen, vaccine, and study design issues such as, genetic restriction of immune response; failure to store, handle and administer vaccine properly; issues of immunosuppression and immunosenescence; apparent but false vaccine failure; time-mediated failure; and others. Expert commentary: A proper framework and nosology for vaccine failure informs discussion about influenza vaccine efficacy and prevents misperceptions that in turn affect vaccine uptake. Influenza vaccine can only provide maximum protection to the extent that the circulating and vaccine strains closely match; the vaccine is stored, handled and administered properly and within a time frame to result in development of protective levels of immunity; and is administered to a host capable of immunologically responding with protective immune responses.
KEYWORDS:
Human; Immunity; Immunization Programs; Influenza; Influenza Vaccines; Vaccination; Vaccine Storage
PMID: 29883218 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1484284